With the change of the national family planning policy, especially the liberalization of the “separate two-child” policy, women of childbearing age between 30 and 40 years old have the opportunity and willingness to have a second child, and it happens that at least 50% of women of childbearing age in this age group have a history of previous cesarean section, if these women of childbearing age have another cesarean section, it will significantly increase the rate of cesarean section in China. If these women of childbearing age have a previous cesarean section, it will significantly increase the cesarean section rate in China, and another cesarean section may lead to serious postpartum hemorrhage, placental implantation and even the risk of hysterectomy, which will bring excessive economic burden to society and families. Therefore, the exploration of VBAC is important to reduce the cesarean delivery rate, to reduce maternal and child complications in the near and distant future, and to rationalize the allocation of medical resources. Compared with planned repeated cesarean delivery (PRCD), VBAC is more economical, with less postpartum pain, lower rate of postpartum infection, and lower risk of placental implantation and placenta praevia in second pregnancy. However, VBAC has its limitations, with a possible increased risk of incomplete uterine rupture and uterine rupture. Therefore, more and more obstetricians are recommending that VBAC be tried in appropriate cases in pregnant women with a history of a single cesarean section, and appropriate VBAC guidelines have been developed in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. VBAC has been attempted abroad, with success rates of 45.6-77.8% reported in the literature. Due to the special medical environment in China, VBAC is still in its infancy. Therefore the importance of standardizing the management of VBAC is particularly important for the safe conduct of VBAC. The indications for vaginal trial of labor after cesarean section: (1), the pregnant woman and her family have the desire for vaginal trial of labor; (2), there is a history of one previous lower uterine transverse incision cesarean section, the previous cesarean section was successful and recovered as expected without late postpartum hemorrhage or puerperal infection (3), the indications for the previous cesarean section no longer exist and no new indications for cesarean section have appeared; (4), the interval between two deliveries is more than 2 years; (5), the maternal age (5), maternal age below 40 years and pre-pregnancy BMI <28 kg/m2; (6), the lower anterior uterine wall is intact without defects on ultrasound, the thickness of the scar area is more than 2 mm and the muscular layer is continuous; (transvaginal ultrasound is recommended); (7), the estimated fetus does not exceed 4000 g. The main risk during the trial of labor is uterine rupture, although the chance of uterine rupture is small, and several multicenter studies abroad have shown that it does not exceed 1%. Although the chance of uterine rupture is small, with several multicenter studies abroad showing that it is less than 1%, when it occurs, the impact on maternal and child outcomes can be catastrophic. Therefore, post-cesarean delivery can be performed under strict screening and management.