Suppurative otitis media is a purulent inflammation of the middle ear caused by bacterial infection, which mainly manifests as ear pus and hearing loss, and is divided into two types: acute and chronic. Patients often think that otitis media is not a serious disease and take it lightly. However, if the disease is not treated properly, once it invades the inner ear and the skull, severe symptoms such as vertigo, headache and high fever can occur, and even a series of serious complications such as life-threatening meningitis, brain abscess and brain hernia can occur. With the application of antibiotics and the popularity of surgical treatment, such serious complications are gradually decreasing. Acute suppurative otitis media is an acute purulent inflammation of the middle ear that can be accompanied by fever and general malaise. In children under 5 years of age, acute otitis media can be complicated by acute infectious diseases such as scarlet fever, measles, diphtheria, and influenza, and can be characterized by extensive necrosis of the middle ear and surrounding tissues. More than 95% of acute suppurative otitis media can be cured with proper treatment, but a few cases with severe disease or improper treatment can turn into chronic suppurative otitis media. Chronic suppurative otitis media is mostly caused by improper treatment of acute suppurative otitis media or functional defects of the middle ear mucosa and decreased resistance of the body. According to the degree and characteristics of the lesion, it can be divided into simple type, bone ulcer type and cholesteatoma type. The middle ear is separated from the brain by only a thin bone plate above, adjacent to the inner ear vagus medially, and adjacent to the sigmoid sinus, a large blood vessel that returns cerebral blood to the heart, posteriorly. When otitis media invades these structures, it can lead to serious complications. Cholesteatoma type otitis media is a special type of chronic suppurative otitis media, which is not a true tumor but has the same expansive growth of a tumor and destruction of the surrounding bone. If the cholesteatoma damages the brain plate and enters the skull, it can lead to bacterial meningitis, hydrocephalus and brain abscess, and even develop into intracranial hypertension and brain hernia, which can be life-threatening; if the cholesteatoma invades the sigmoid sinus, it can be complicated by thrombophlebitis of the sigmoid sinus or perisigmoid sinus abscess, and manifestations of sepsis such as chills, high fever, headache and general malaise; if it invades the inner ear (auditory and balance sense receptors), it can develop severe If the inner ear (auditory and balance sensory organs) is invaded, severe vertigo, vomiting and balance disorders may occur, even leading to severe sensorineural deafness and complete loss of balance sensation. Therefore, in daily life, if symptoms such as ear discharge and hearing loss occur, one should seek medical attention in a timely manner. Patients with chronic suppurative otitis media in particular should clearly understand the danger of this disease and seek timely and standardized treatment. With the development of medical science and the improvement of ear microsurgery technology, the surgical cure rate of chronic suppurative otitis media is as high as 95% or more, and the success rate of otitis media surgery in China has reached the level of developed countries in Europe and America. Surgical treatment is based on tympanoplasty, which can completely remove the lesion, reconstruct the auditory conduction structure (tympanic membrane and auditory chain reconstruction), and prevent complications from occurring.