With the development and progress of society, the incidence of diabetic retinopathy has increased significantly. People are paying more and more attention to their health and quality of life. We hope that this article will be of some help as to how to avoid diabetic retinopathy and how to treat diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy usually occurs more than 10 years after the onset of diabetes, so if diabetes is detected and treated aggressively, the incidence of retinopathy can be reduced. In the early stages of retinopathy, there are usually no self-perceived symptoms in the eye. Ophthalmologists routinely recommend that diabetic patients with more than 10 years of disease routinely have their eyes examined with dilated pupils. As the disease progresses, it can manifest itself in different ways. Early stages can cause varying degrees of vision loss or visual distortion. In the middle stage, small retinal arteries rupture and a small amount of bleeding into the vitreous, and the patient feels a black shadow floating in front of his eyes. In the late stage, neovascularization, massive vitreous hemorrhage or proliferative vitreoretinopathy and tractional retinal detachment can lead to severe loss of vision. The key to preventing diabetic retinopathy is to control blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids. If retinal microangioma is found on fundus examination, we usually recommend patients to go to the diabetic department for consultation and treatment with insulin. Early treatment with insulin can limit and reduce the incidence of retinopathy. At this time, patients should avoid the misconception that once they use insulin, they have to use it for the rest of their lives, because diabetes is a lifelong disease and lifelong treatment is necessary. Insulin is the best drug to protect pancreatic islet cells in diabetic patients. Therefore, patients are recommended to use insulin early. In addition controlling blood pressure and blood lipids also play a great role in slowing down the progression of the disease. There are a lot of drugs for diabetic retinopathy, such as the imported drugs Guoxsamine, Deferoxamine, Danachem and the domestic drugs Dobes, compound thromboxane capsule, calcium hydroxybenzene sulfonate, etc. You can choose one suitable for you to take for a long time. Once the examination reveals that retinopathy has occurred, it is necessary to follow up every six months to a year. If necessary, a fundus fluorescence angiogram (FFA) will be performed to determine if retinal photocoagulation therapy is needed. If FFA indicates severe retinal ischemia or retinal neovascularization, prompt total retinal photocoagulation is indicated. It is a very misconception that some patients still experience severe vision loss due to vitreous blood accumulation after laser and therefore these patients are against retinal laser treatment. Retinal photocoagulation is the best treatment for moderate to severe diabetic retinopathy. However, if blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipids are not well controlled after photocoagulation, diabetic retinopathy will still progress and cause the patient to go blind, not that the laser has no effect. Instead, fundoptists believe that if a patient has had a good laser treatment, they are significantly more likely to regain their vision after undergoing the procedure, even if the patient has rebleeding vision loss. Therefore, it is highly recommended that patients should always undergo laser treatment if they need it. With or without laser treatment, a percentage of patients will experience vitreous hemorrhage resulting in vision loss. We generally adopt different treatment plans depending on the patient’s condition. Patients with first-time vitreous hemorrhage. The fundus is first examined with dilated pupils. If the fundus is not visible, an ultrasound is performed to confirm that no vitreoretinal traction is present. If the patient has had good prior total retinal photocoagulation, the patient is usually allowed to observe for at least 3 months, and the vast majority of patients can absorb it, and then supplemental photocoagulation is considered. If the patient has not had laser, we instruct the patient to follow up in about 3 weeks and give retinal photocoagulation according to the absorption of the hemorrhage, which in most patients can be largely absorbed in about 6 months. For patients who have not yet absorbed, surgery can be considered. Patients with recurrent hemorrhage. If there is no anterior retinal membrane or vitreous traction, we can also ask the patient to follow up in about 3 weeks and then give retinal photocoagulation according to the absorption of the hemorrhage. If the retina is partially visible, retinal photocoagulation can be performed first and then surgery, especially if the upper retina is photocoagulated first so that the surgery can be done with good results. People have only two eyes, and diabetic patients basically have similar conditions in both eyes, so once the decision to operate is made, try to succeed in one go. Both the doctor and the patient need to take a moment to think about how to get the best results, rather than rushing into surgery. And in today’s complex social environment, it is even more important for both the doctor and the patient to use their brains rather than rushing into action. In conclusion, patients with diabetic retinopathy should not worry, as long as you insist on controlling your blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood lipids, and follow up with your ophthalmologist on time, you will usually be able to keep or regain your sight and enjoy a good life with the available medical technology.