Active anthrax refers to reproductive and infectious Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium that is widely found in nature and commonly found in herbivores such as cattle, horses, and sheep. Active Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of the zoonotic acute infectious disease anthrax, people are infected mainly through contact with diseased animals and their excreta or by eating meat from diseased animals, when the human body is infected will generally first cause skin lesions, serious anthrax sepsis, resulting in death. Active B. anthracis can form pods in the host body, producing phagocytosis and strong pathogenicity. This active B. anthracis, if not inactivated, grows well in ordinary media under aerobic conditions and can form budding spores, which are highly resistant to heat, drying, ultraviolet light, and commonly used disinfectants, and can survive for years in animal carcasses and soil, so they are often used to make biological weapons. The human population is generally susceptible to Bacillus anthracis, generally direct or indirect contact with active B. anthracis can cause cutaneous anthrax, inhalation of active anthrax-infected dust or aerosols with bacilli can cause pulmonary anthrax, and eating meat and dairy products contaminated with B. anthracis can cause intestinal anthrax. Anthrax is classified as a category B infectious disease in China, with skin anthrax predominantly occurring in pastoral areas, such as Guizhou, Xinjiang, and Sichuan.