(1) The characteristics of neuropathic pain are not the same, but burning or burning pain, electric shock pain, pins and needles pain and tearing pain are more common; (2) Spontaneous (sudden) pain can occur locally or regionally without any trauma or injurious stimulation; (3) The pain may increase due to slight touching, such as touching clothes or bed sheets; (4) The patient has no Unlike arthritis, which has signs of redness, swelling and heat, neuralgia cannot be seen from the outside unless it is combined with other diseases, such as muscle atrophy, and it is just like a person who drinks water and knows how warm it is. “(5) In addition to the continuous discomfort, neuralgia affects life, rest and sleep, and patients often lament that “suffering is unbearable and life is worse than death. This kind of pathological neuralgia can be seen in various types of neurological diseases, such as stroke, spinal cord injury, peripheral neuropathy, especially peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes, uremia and chemotherapy is the most common. 2.Trigeminal neuralgia Trigeminal neuralgia is a stubborn pathological neurological disease. The onset of the disease is characterized by sudden and severe pain within the trigeminal nerve branches of the face, without sensory loss and other neurological dysfunction, including facial neuralgia of the forehead, scalp, eyes, nose, lips, cheeks, upper jaw and lower jaw, which is known as the “world’s first pain”. It has a characteristic “trigger point”, which may trigger severe pain whenever it is touched. Postherpetic neuralgia Postherpetic neuralgia, commonly known as “tangled dragon”, is a typical peripheral neuropathic pain, which is more intense and more difficult to treat than injurious pain or inflammatory pain. It is a painful disease characterized by herpes virus invasion of the nerve, causing pain and skin herpes in the innervated area. It occurs mostly in the chest, followed by the jaws and face, and can also involve the neck, lower back and legs. It is one of the persistent pains that plague middle-aged and elderly people. The more intense the pain in the acute phase of shingles, the more likely the patient is to develop postherpetic neuralgia. Younger patients with herpes zoster often portend lower immunity and should be cautious of combining other diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, and even some young patients have been tested for herpes zoster and found to have HIV infection. (1) Phantom limb pain Phantom limb pain, also known as phantom limb pain, means that the patient feels that the severed limb is still present and pain occurs at that location. The pain is mostly present at the distal end of the severed limb and can be of various nature, such as electric shock-like, cutting-like, tearing-like or burning-like. It manifests as persistent pain and is aggravated by episodes. (2) Brachial plexus neuralgia Brachial plexus neuralgia is a disease that produces pain within its innervation when various parts of the brachial plexus nerve, which consists of the anterior branches of the nerves from cervical 5 to thoracic 1, are damaged. (3) Sciatica The sciatic nerve is the largest peripheral nerve in the human body. It starts from the spinal cord in the lumbosacral region, passes through the pelvis and exits through the foramen magnum to reach the buttocks, and then travels down the back of the thigh to the foot. Its painful episodes can be radiating along the buttocks, posterior femur, lateral calf, and dorsum of the foot, and are accompanied by varying degrees of sensory impairment, decreased muscle strength in the lower extremities, decreased or absent Achilles tendon reflexes, reduced lumbar and affected limb movement when the bunion bends backward to the side of the body, or point and click ring jump (the junction of the outer 1/3 and inner 2/3 of the line from the high point of the greater trochanter of the femur to the caudal bone). Sciatica is a common condition. There are many causes of its onset. The most common is lumbar disc herniation. Others, such as spinal tuberculosis, arachnoiditis, and intravertebral metastatic cancer. In addition, sacral arthritis and tumor compression in the pelvic cavity can also cause sciatica. (4) Intercostal neuralgia Intercostal neuralgia can be caused by rib fracture, metastatic cancer of the thoracic spine, herpes zoster, etc. Those caused by herpes zoster can be seen as skin damage in this painful area with heaps of clustered rash, normal skin between the rashes, or oozing or redness in severe cases. Therefore, when treating intercostal neuralgia, the main focus should be on treating its primary lesion, and secondly, treatment can be directed at the pain to reduce local symptoms. (5) Painful mononeuronopathy or polyneuronopathy Painful mononeuronopathy or polyneuronopathy is pain distributed along the innervation area of one or more affected nerves, which may present as a continuous, deep burning, stabbing or swelling pain, paroxysmal cutting pain, and can be caused by a variety of etiologies. , herpes zoster), trauma, compression (nerve entrapment), autoimmune or genetic diseases, etc. (6) De-afferent neuralgia De-afferent neuralgia is pain due to loss of afferent nerve impulses, which may present as burning pain, stabbing pain, cramping, crushing pain, etc., with nociceptive hypersensitivity, sensory dullness and other abnormal sensations. phantom limb pain and post-mastectomy pain are both classified as de-afferent neuralgia. (7) Sympathetic-dependent pain Sympathetic-dependent pain refers to pain produced by the continuous activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathetic-dependent pain can occur in peripheral nerve injury (e.g. CPRSII), sympatheticization of efferent nerves (motor), and continuous stimulation of nerves by circulating catecholamines. (8) Central pain Central pain can occur at multiple sites. Spinal cord lesions usually lead to contralateral pain, and spinal cord cavitation usually presents with chest pain more often, sometimes involving the upper and lower extremities. Central pain can manifest as superficial pain, deep pain or both, with superficial pain being more common and therefore patients often complain of abnormal skin sensations. Central pain may manifest as burning, cutting, stabbing, tearing and squeezing sensations, etc. The most common manifestation of central pain is burning pain, but cortical or subcortical lesions rarely cause burning pain, while central pain due to spinal cord lesions often manifests as a fasciculation sensation at the level of the lesion.