Every year, there are about 200,000 new children with precocious heart disease in China, which means that every 10 minutes, three newborns come into the world with a defective heart, bringing great misfortune and a deep burden to families and society. The following factors are important triggers for fetal heart development malformations Viral infections are a major cause of fetal heart malformations in the first trimester of pregnancy, especially during the third and eighth weeks of pregnancy. The rubella virus is the main culprit of fetal precocious heart disease. In addition, influenza, mumps, coxsackie virus, herpes virus, etc. are also often the “perpetrators” of pediatric precocious heart disease. Pregnant women who are addicted to smoking and alcohol or whose husbands smoke or whose wives “passively smoke” can cause fetal malformations or prediabetes. The incidence of precocious heart disease in infants is two times higher in babies born to mothers who smoke than to mothers who do not smoke. When couples conceive after drinking, the fetus will have chromosomal abnormalities, and most babies born with alcoholism will have cardiovascular abnormalities. It is not uncommon for siblings and parents to suffer from precocious heart disease at the same time as their children, and the nature of the disease is very similar. If the first child born to a mother with precocious heart disease, the likelihood of the second child having the disease is about 2%; if two consecutive children are born with precocious heart disease, the number of new children with precocious heart disease may increase to 10%. If the mother suffers from precocious heart disease, the risk of the second generation suffering from precocious heart disease is 10%. Inbreeding is a high-risk factor for fetal malformation and precocious heart disease. Pregnant women with untreated and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus have a 2% risk of fetal congenital heart disease, but the risk decreases if the disease is controlled and stable in early pregnancy. Special drugs Exposure to teratogenic drugs such as lithium, phenytoin sodium or steroids in early pregnancy can lead to a 2% risk of fetal congenital heart disease. The above high-risk groups for precocious heart disease should undergo regular pregnancy screening to detect abnormal pregnancies in a timely manner, and it is worth mentioning. Fetal echocardiography should be performed as soon as pregnancy occurs, which can be done at 16-20 weeks of gestation, when abnormal cardiac malformations such as permanent arterial trunks, transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defects, and tetralogy of Fallot can be detected.