The high-risk group should have regular esophageal pull-down cytology as a screening test. For suspected cases, barium X-ray examination is needed to get an overall picture of esophageal lesions, including the location, morphology and extent of the tumor, esophageal mucosal folds, peristalsis and the degree of luminal narrowing. Endoscopy: direct observation of the lesion, it is important to take a biopsy for pathologic examination. It is best to perform further ultrasound endoscopy to understand the depth of tumor infiltration and extra-tubular situation, which helps in clinical staging. Further CT of neck, chest and abdomen is needed to understand the situation of cancer and surrounding tissues and the presence of distant metastasis. It provides a basis for further treatment decisions.