Common seizure patterns in epilepsy

  1, generalized tonic-clonic seizures: grand mal seizures, which are often referred to as “sheep epilepsy”. The seizure process can be divided into the aura phase, tonic phase (loss of consciousness, fall, tonic contraction of muscles throughout the body, head back, eyes rolled up, flexion tonicity of both upper limbs, extension tonicity of both lower limbs, laryngeal muscle spasms and wheezing or crying, generally lasting 10-20 seconds), clonic phase (rhythmic muscle twitching throughout the body, gradually increasing in amplitude, intermittent flexion spasms, gradually slowing down the frequency, lasting about 30 seconds to 2 minutes The recovery period (generalized muscle relaxation, respiration recovery, consciousness after several minutes or hours, headache, fatigue, generalized muscle aches and pains, etc.).  2.Absorption seizures: Most often seen in children and adolescents, without aura. During the seizure, the activity in progress suddenly stops and the eyes stare at each other. The seizure usually ends after a few seconds or ten seconds. Sometimes the seizure is combined with blinking and chewing. After the seizure, the original activity can be continued and there is no memory of the seizure. Due to the short duration of seizures, they are often ignored by family members for a long time.  3, myoclonic seizures: sudden, brief, electroshock-like muscle contractions, involving the head and neck, limbs, part of the trunk or the whole muscle, but also can involve muscle groups or even the whole body. In mild cases, it can only show the twitching of facial muscles or head and hands, while in severe cases, the whole body muscles contract and suddenly fall down. The seizures are more frequent when sleeping or just waking up, and even in a continuous state.  4. Clonic seizures: Repeated clonic muscle movements throughout the body without tonicity, often with loss of consciousness and abnormal muscle tone at the beginning, resulting in a fall. Bilateral clonic jerking of the limbs, the amplitude of the jerking does not change when the clonic frequency gradually decreases, lasting from a few seconds to several minutes, and recovering soon after the seizure. Some patients may have secondary tonic-clonic seizures, and form clonic-clonic seizures.  5, loss of tension seizures: mostly seen in children, part of the muscle group muscle tone briefly reduced or disappeared often make the child can not maintain a normal posture and jaw relaxation, head drooping, if the loss of general muscle tone, like a broken puppet, suddenly fall down whole body powerless, often resulting in head and facial injuries.  6. Simple partial seizure: clear consciousness during seizure, good communication with the outside world. There may be one hand, one foot or half of the face twitching, or there may not be any twitching action, but only strange feelings or the scene in front of you suddenly becomes very strange. Some of them show hallucinations, suddenly seeing strange images in front of their eyes or hearing strange sounds in their ears.  7. Complex partial seizures: Usually the seizure is preceded by the feeling that one is about to have a seizure, and then some involuntary, unconscious, purposeless and stereotyped movements appear in the haze of consciousness. (1) Oropharyngeal automatism: repetitive movements of the mouth, such as sucking, chewing, smacking, licking, tongue stretching, throat clearing, etc.; (2) Hand automatism: unconscious repetition of certain simple movements, such as rubbing hands, stroking face, groping, pulling, unbuttoning and undressing, playing with objects in hands, opening and closing doors, opening drawers, etc.; (3) Behavioral automatism: performing some simple stereotyped movements, such as walking, cycling, going out, etc., when Patients have partial perception of their surroundings and can respond accordingly. They perform complex and coordinated activities for a longer period of time, such as driving a vehicle, simple conversation, etc., which usually lasts for several minutes and is often difficult to detect if not observed. Most likely to be dangerous.  8, infantile spasms: usually occurs in infants within 2 years of age, when just waking up or will sleep, there will be similar to nodding movements, like dozing, but the amplitude and intensity of the shaking is greater, usually in a few minutes in a row more than a dozen times, or even up to 50 or 60 times, even lying in bed can be seen when the child’s head or torso bouncing. If the movement is very large, it can also be combined with trunk flexion and forward reaching of both arms.