Coronary heart disease is related to the imbalance of nutrition level, which makes the incidence of coronary heart disease in China are substantially increased, therefore, reasonable adjustment of diet is the primary measure to prevent and treat coronary heart disease, the diet of coronary heart disease patients should not be ignored. Its dietary principles are.
1.Control total calories, prevent obesity and control weight.
2, limit the intake of high-fat, high cholesterol food.
3, eat more grains and cereals, increase the intake of complex carbohydrates.
4.Eat more fruits and vegetables, because their rich food fiber can reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the body.
5, eat less and more meals, avoid eating too greasy, too salty food.
6, avoid alcohol, strong tea, coffee and all spicy food.
First of all, control the total caloric energy, maintain the caloric balance, coronary heart patients should control the average daily dietary calories of about 8372 kJ (2000 kcal), staple foods do not exceed 500 grams per day. Fat intake should be controlled so that the total intake accounts for less than 20-25% of the total calories, of which animal fat should not exceed 1/3, and cholesterol intake should be controlled at less than 300 mg per day. Finally, the quality and quantity of protein should be ensured, with animal protein and legume protein each accounting for half of the high-quality protein.
The following specific types of food can be selected.
1, can be eaten at will.
(1) cereals, especially coarse grains such as millet, sorghum, soybeans, wheat.
(2) legume products, rich in plant protein, especially soybeans, equivalent to more than two times the protein of the equivalent amount of fish, meat. And its amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and other content is also higher than the general plant and animal foods.
(3) vegetables, such as onions, garlic, golden cauliflower, mung bean sprouts, lentil sprouts, winter squash, leeks, green peppers.
(4) Mushrooms and algae, such as mushrooms, fungus, seaweed, nori, etc.
(5) a variety of melons, fruits and tea (diabetic patients should be appropriately restricted).
2, should be appropriate to eat.
(1) lean meat, including lean pork, beef and poultry meat.
(2) fish, including most river fish and sea fish.
(3) Vegetable oils, including soybean oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, fish oil, etc.
(4) Milk, including defatted milk and its products.
(5) Eggs, including egg green and whole eggs.
3.Minimize or avoid eating.
(1) animal fat, such as lard, butter, lamb oil, etc.
(2) fatty meat, including pork, lamb, beef and other fatty meat.
(3) brain, bone marrow, offal, egg yolk, fish roe.
(4) Sugar, alcohol, tobacco, chocolate, etc.
(5) Mollusks and shellfish.
A. Why choose a low-salt, low-fat, low-calorie diet for coronary heart disease?
1.Low salt diet.
Generally speaking, normal adults need to consume 5-10 grams of salt per day, but too much salt for a long time is easy to get hypertension and cause heart failure, so patients with coronary heart disease should eat less salt in daily life, usually the daily salt intake is controlled at 3-5 grams.
2, low-fat diet.
Animal fat, egg yolk and animal offal contain high cholesterol. Daily food cholesterol intake should be controlled to
300 mg or less, and limit the consumption of animal fat. Because excessive consumption of high-fat, cholesterol foods will increase blood lipids, increased blood viscosity, easy to thrombosis.
3. Low-calorie diet.
The average daily dietary calories per person should be 2400 kcal for normal adults, and should be controlled at about 2000 kcal for coronary heart patients, and the staple food should not exceed 500 grams per day. Avoid being too full, eat less sweets, have less dinner, and mix coarse and fine staple foods. Because the total calorie intake is too much, more than the body consumption, is bound to fat in the form of storage in the body, the formation of obesity, become one of the main factors leading to coronary heart disease.
Second, how to choose meat, poultry, eggs, dairy food for coronary heart disease patients?
Coronary heart patients choose meat in the order of fish, chicken, duck, beef, pork, lamb.
Fish to sea fish is appropriate, do not eat chicken, duck skin, do not eat animal offal.
The protein contained in eggs are high-quality protein, egg yolk contains high protein, easily absorbed; fat exists in the egg yolk, and mostly unsaturated fatty acids, egg yolk contains lecithin and cholesterol, an egg contains 200 mg of cholesterol, for high cholesterol coronary heart disease patients recommended 1-2 egg yolk / week.
Milk is the most suitable beverage for coronary heart patients, which can lower cholesterol and help prevent further development of coronary heart disease and is beneficial for coronary heart disease. Because milk contains a large amount of protein, calcium, iron and many other substances needed by the body. Protein is necessary for human metabolism, and whey acid contained in milk can affect the metabolism of fat; it also contains a heat-resistant low molecular compound that can inhibit the cholesterol content. The calcium and choline contained in milk have the effect of promoting the excretion of cholesterol from the intestine and reducing its absorption, so milk is a food that can lower cholesterol. In addition, milk also contains eight essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body itself, of which methionine has the effect of inhibiting sympathetic nerves, which helps maintain the body’s physiological and psychological stability, especially before bedtime, taking a glass of fresh milk can help sleep. With the increase in age, especially for people after 50 years old, bone calcium loss is becoming more and more serious, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, etc., diseases caused by calcium deficiency also come. Milk is not only high in calcium, but also well absorbed, and calcium has a protective effect on the heart muscle. Milk also contains a variety of vitamins and inorganic salts. Patients with coronary heart disease should choose skimmed milk and yogurt, which are beneficial for maintaining good nutritional status and delaying the development of coronary heart disease.
Third, can patients with coronary heart disease eat seafood?
Epidemiological surveys have found that the number of fishermen suffering from coronary heart disease by the sea is generally low, and seafood can effectively prevent the occurrence of coronary heart disease. Because fish contains a long carbon chain of fatty acids, the degree of unsaturation is very high, which is incomparable to land animals and plants. Nutritional research shows that the longer the carbon chain of fatty acids and the higher the degree of unsaturation, the more significant the cholesterol-lowering effect. It can also reduce blood lipids and blood coagulation, anti-platelet agglutination, in addition, marine animals such as oysters and scaled fish contain a large amount of EPA, which can make coronary arteries dilate, improve vascular permeability, and also reduce the role of blood lipids. Therefore, seafood plays a role in the prevention of coronary heart disease from many aspects, for coronary heart patients, the consumption of seafood is very beneficial.
Fourth, which vegetables are good for coronary heart disease patients?
The following vegetables are beneficial for patients with coronary heart disease.
1, seaweed: seaweed, nori and other sea plants are mostly rich in protein, vitamins, trace elements, etc., to reduce cholesterol, triglycerides have a good effect.
2, shiitake mushrooms, fungus contains a large number of vitamins, beneficial to the body of trace elements, shiitake mushrooms contain a triggering agent, can make the body produce interferon – double-stranded ribonucleic acid, has the effect of improving the body’s resistance to tumors; another contains adenine, has the effect of lowering cholesterol, for high cholesterol caused by atherosclerosis It is undoubtedly a good food therapy for patients with high cholesterol, hypertension, acute and chronic nephritis and diabetes.
3, celery, coriander medical research shows that these two vegetables have lower blood pressure, sedative and tranquilizing effect. Especially for coronary heart disease with hypertension patients more suitable.
4, onion, ginger, garlic such condiments have a variety of volatile oils, fiber, etc., has a significant improvement in lipid metabolism, reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine, can effectively prevent the occurrence of coronary heart disease.
Fifth, how to choose cooking oil for patients with coronary heart disease?
Chinese people’s dietary habits in the commonly used cooking oil are mainly animal fats such as lard, butter, mutton oil, cream, etc., vegetable oils such as canola oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, corn oil, etc.. Generally speaking, those who are in liquid state at room temperature are oil, and those who are in solid state are fat.
Animal oil contains more saturated fatty acids, consuming too much will make the blood cholesterol levels rise, which is the main factor promoting the formation of atherosclerosis, so patients with coronary heart disease try not to eat animal fats.
Vegetable oils contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, which have the effect of lowering blood cholesterol and preventing the formation and development of atherosclerosis. Although vegetable oils have a cholesterol-lowering effect, it does not mean that they can be consumed in unlimited quantities. Because vegetable oils, like food, are absorbed by the body, they provide a lot of heat for vital activities, and excess heat is converted into fat, which accumulates in the subcutaneous tissues of the body.
For example, canola oil contains high levels of mustard glycosides and erucic acid, which can inhibit the growth of animals and block the absorption of iodine by the thyroid gland, making the thyroid gland hypertrophic to varying degrees. However, this substance can be volatilized during the heating process, so it is important to heat the oil through when eating canola oil. Erucic acid is a substance that scientists believe can cause fatty acid accumulation in animal heart muscle cells and fibrosis of heart muscle cells.
The biggest problem with peanut oil is that it is easily contaminated with Aspergillus flavus and its toxins, which are very strong carcinogens. Therefore, it is recommended here that you choose refined vegetable oils that are free of impurities and contamination, regardless of which vegetable oil you have access to. The most suitable vegetable oil for patients with coronary heart disease is corn germ oil. Because it contains the best unsaturated fatty acids.
Six, coronary heart disease patients suitable for consumption of which fruits?
1, apple: is the fruit of the Rosaceae plant, mainly containing a large amount of carbohydrates, vitamin C, a small amount of fat and protein, as well as trace elements. The fiber in apples can reduce the content of density lipoprotein and promote the excretion of bile acids, which has a good preventive effect on coronary heart disease, hypertension and atherosclerosis.
2, watermelon: the fruit scoop for the Cucurbitaceae plant, containing a large number of amino acids, fructose, glucose, sucrose, salts, vitamin C and so on. Watermelon can lower blood pressure, the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease is very beneficial.
3, hawthorn: is the fruit of the Rosaceae plant, hawthorn contains hawthorn acid, citric acid, carotene, vitamins, etc., has a more obvious antihypertensive effect, but also can increase coronary blood flow, myocardial ischemia has a certain protective effect; in addition, hawthorn also has a strong role in lowering blood lipids, can better prevent the onset of coronary heart disease.
4, banana: banana plant fruit, it is rich in carbohydrates, a variety of vitamins, suitable for hypertension and heart disease patients to eat. Especially for constipated patients more suitable, can reduce the triggering factors of coronary heart disease.
5, kiwifruit: the fruit is rich in vitamins, organic acids, for indigestion, loss of appetite, hypertension, coronary heart disease has a better treatment and prevention, its health care value is increasingly appreciated.
6, other fruits: such as grapes, fresh dates, citrus, orange and other fruits are known to eliminate “body fat” fruit, eat more can help reduce excess body fat, lower blood lipids, the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease has a positive effect.
However, if a coronary heart patient has diabetes in combination, the intake of certain fruits should be appropriately restricted.
Seven, coronary heart disease patients why should not eat more sugar?
Sugar is the main source of heat in the body, and more than 50% of the heat required by the body is provided by sugar. Coronary heart patients should control the daily staple food not to exceed 500 grams.
If you eat too much staple food, more than the body needs, you will become fat. In addition, excessive sugar intake, such as eating too much sweets, candy, snacks, chocolate, drinks, etc., will make the intake of sugar greatly exceed the body’s needs, that is, excess calories, more than the body’s consumption, excess sugar will be converted into fat in the body to accumulate, and over time will make weight gain, blood pressure rise, heart and lung burden increased. And too much sugar can make the blood triglycerides rise sharply, resulting in hyperlipidemia, which in turn affects the blood clotting mechanism and platelet function. Obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia are all susceptibility factors for coronary heart disease. Therefore, such as the above unfavorable factors, coronary heart disease patients should remember to reduce the intake of sugar to better prevent and treat coronary heart disease.
Eight, the morning drink a glass of plain water why can reduce the sudden onset of coronary heart disease?
Water is an important component of human tissue, accounting for 65-75% of body weight, water is involved in all the basic metabolism of the body. When the body is dehydrated, the skin is dry, lack of elasticity, wrinkles increase; blood viscosity increases; easy to suffer from constipation. Especially after a night’s sleep, stomach, small intestine has basically emptied, morning drinking water is equal to the emptying of the gastrointestinal tract for a cleanup, that is, to help digestion, but also to prevent constipation. In addition, after a night’s sleep, the body through the secretion of sweat, excretion of urine and breathing lost a lot of water, so that the blood becomes sticky, slow blood flow, easy to form thrombosis and induce coronary heart disease outbreaks. Therefore, after waking up in the morning, you should drink a large glass of plain water on an empty stomach, not only to moisten the lungs and cleanse the intestines, but also to dilute the blood, reduce the viscosity of the blood, make the blood flow smoothly, and reduce coronary heart disease emergencies. However, you should drink a small amount of water several times in daily life.
9.What should patients pay attention to in their diet after PTCA?
When patients with coronary angina or myocardial infarction undergo PTCA, it does not mean that they are no longer patients with coronary artery disease; PTCA only removes the local stenosis of coronary artery, but patients successfully treated with PTCA are still patients with coronary artery disease, and they still have the physiological tendency to have other stenosis, and the stented vessels may be restenosed. Therefore, it is still very important to actively control all risk factors. Studies have shown that the occurrence of coronary heart disease is related to dietary imbalance, and improper nutrition can lead to various diseases such as obesity and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the diet of patients after PTCA should be as scientific and reasonable as that before surgery. Choose substances that are low in fat, rich in vitamins, dietary fiber, inorganic salts and trace elements.
The principles of reasonable choice of diet are as follows.
1. Control total calories and maintain caloric balance: the amount of carbohydrates, proteins and fats should be appropriately distributed every day. Protein accounts for 12% of the total calories; fat accounts for 20-25% of the total calories, and the rest should be carbohydrates. Use complex sugars; protein is mainly plant protein; foods containing more unsaturated fatty acids are used as lipid sources. Prevent obesity, so that the weight control at a normal level.
2, eat more fruits and vegetables: because they are rich in vitamins and fiber, can reduce the body’s absorption of cholesterol, to prevent obesity.
3, low-fat, low-salt diet: avoid animal offal and fatty meat, meals should be light and easy to consume.