For many patients, it is not easy to detect an infection early after an artificial knee replacement, and more often than not, chronic infections are detected more than 4 weeks after surgery. So, what can patients do for this situation? The most effective treatment available is a second-stage joint replacement. The first step is surgical debridement, during which the surgeon does these four things: 1) remove the joint prosthesis, bone cement (bone cement is a special material used to fix artificial joints) and other artificial knee devices; 2) thoroughly remove the infected necrotic tissue and fully flush the inside of the joint; 3) fill the joint space with antibiotic-containing bone cement beads. If available, antibiotic bone cement can also be made into a shape similar to that of the prosthesis and placed inside the joint to give the joint some mobility. 4. A tissue culture is taken to determine what bacterial infection is present. In the second step, after performing debridement, the patient needs to receive antibiotics and have a blood test 6 weeks after surgery to determine if the infection is under control. In the third step, if the infection is under control, a second surgery is performed at 12 weeks after the debridement to put in a new prosthesis and restore the function of the knee joint. It is important to note that during the first step of debridement, many people wonder why an antibiotic-containing bone cement is placed in the joint. In fact, the addition of sensitive antibiotics to the bone cement allows for the continuous release of antibiotics into the knee cavity, which in turn controls local bacterial infections. Also, the placement of a temporary cemented joint occupant allows for partial knee function until the old joint prosthesis is removed and a new joint prosthesis is placed in the joint.