Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis depends on the direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on specimen tuberculosis smears, but the positive rate of detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in traditional antacid stained specimens (cerebrospinal fluid, plasma cavity fluid) is only about 3%, so the rate of confirmation of tuberculous pleurisy, peritonitis, and meningitis has been only about 3% worldwide. In other words, the diagnosis rate of tuberculous pleurisy, peritonitis and meningitis is very low, but most of them are serious tuberculosis diseases that require early and timely diagnosis and treatment, and if the best treatment window is delayed because of failure to confirm the diagnosis, the outcome and prognosis are often very poor. Although the positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture is higher than that of tuberculosis smear, the growth period of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture is often as long as 1-2 months, so it is difficult to make a rapid and accurate diagnosis in a short period of time. As for PPD, TSpot, TB antibody, TB microarray and other immunological and genetic tests, they can only provide an indirect basis for TB infection and cannot make a clear diagnosis of TB directly based on their positive reports. Although objective test reports can be obtained within a short time by CT, MRI, biochemical tests of plasma cavity fluid (or cerebrospinal fluid), the characteristics of tuberculosis lesions are not uniquely expressed in these tests, and it is difficult to distinguish tuberculosis directly from other similar diseases by these tests. Therefore, these tests cannot be used as a basis for direct and rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. The improved antacid staining method gradually developed this year, through special specimen processing, destroys the structure of the macrophage membrane, so that the intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis is released outside the cell, which greatly improves the concentration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can be observed under the microscope. Compared with the traditional staining method of 3%, the early and rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis has made a qualitative leap, which has bought valuable treatment time for the majority of tuberculosis patients and saved the expensive cost of immunological tests. It is hoped that the continuous medical progress will realize the long-cherished wish of several generations of tuberculosis prevention workers for early control of tuberculosis nationwide.