Screening for neonatal eye disease can detect not only congenital abnormalities such as congenital cataracts and congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction that can endanger eye health and even vision, but also progressive eye diseases in the neonatal period, such as retinopathy of prematurity, familial exudative chorioretinopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, congenital glaucoma, etc. If these fundus pathologies are effectively treated at an early stage, the child’s vision can be restored, whereas if these fundus pathologies are not detected and treated at an early stage of the disease, then permanent vision loss or even blindness can occur.