Newborn eye screening is an eye examination for newborns 24 hours after birth, focusing on eye diseases such as retinopathy, congenital glaucoma and congenital cataract, with the aim of early detection and treatment through screening to avoid visual disability in children. Screening includes four parts: initial screening, re-screening, therapeutic intervention, and follow-up. Initial screening is conducted from 24 hours after birth to within one week, and focuses on external eye examination, response to light stimulation, red light reflex, and dilated fundus examination. Those who pass the initial screening are re-examined at 42 days of life and then enter the normal child health care process. Newborns who do not pass the initial screening and are diagnosed with an eye disease are provided with early and effective intervention and treatment. Eye disease screening is even more important than hearing screening and plantar blood collection (screening for phenylketonuria and thyroid function). “The earlier a child’s eye disease is detected and treated, the better the outcome.” Because eye conditions are insidious, it is difficult for ordinary parents to observe the abnormalities. Many children with congenital eye diseases only go to the hospital after obvious symptoms appear, when it is too late, and some children with malignant tumors of the eye not only lose their vision, but may even lose their lives.