First, a clear answer: if an abscess has formed it must be surgically incised and drained! An acute purulent infection in the soft tissue around the anal canal and rectum or in the interstitial space around it, and the formation of an abscess, is called a perianal abscess or perirectal abscess for short: perianal abscess. It is characterized by self-rupture, or often forms an anal fistula after surgical incision and drainage. It is a common anorectal disease and the acute phase of the pathological process of inflammation of the anal canal and rectum, and anal fistula is the chronic phase. The common causative agents are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, occasionally anaerobic bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often a mixture of germs, and recently also found to be associated with injury to the anal line. Perianal subcutaneous abscesses are the most common and are mostly caused by infection of the anal glands spreading outward or directly outward through the subcutaneous part of the external sphincter. A small number of perianal abscesses can dissipate with antibiotics, hot water sitz baths and local physiotherapy, but most require surgical treatment. Sometimes perianal pain is also a possibility of perianal inflammatory mass, but not necessarily the formation of an abscess. If the abscess has not formed, surgery is not advocated, and antibiotic treatment can be used, and hot water sitz baths can help reduce local swelling. Perianal abscess can be secondary to anal fistula, and there is a possibility of cancer if left untreated or mistreated for years. Conservative treatment can only relieve the symptoms, but surgery is necessary to completely treat perianal abscesses. Summary: 1. Main symptoms of perianal abscess: persistent throbbing pain around the anus, aggravated by pressure during defecation or coughing, redness and swelling of the skin around the anus, with hard nodules or pressure pain, and fluctuating sensation after abscess formation. The symptoms of systemic infection are not obvious. 2. treatment: early application of antibiotics, warm water sitz bath, local physiotherapy, early incision and drainage of abscess formation. 3, dietary attention: eat less or no spicy and stimulating food, eat more vegetables and fruits, and keep the bowel movement smooth.