Commonly used tumor markers for interpretation

“The normal concentration of AFP in normal adult serum is <20ug/L, which can detect more than 80% of liver cancer and most of reproductive system tumors, such as ovarian cancer. The normal concentration of AFP in normal adult serum is 10-30ug/L. When the concentration of AFP is >400ug/L for more than 1 month or >200ug/L for more than 2 months, the presence of primary liver cancer is highly suspected. It should be noted that some benign diseases can also cause elevated AFP, for example, 10% of hepatitis patients have elevated AFP levels <50ug/L, 30% of cirrhosis patients have elevated AFP levels <500 ug/L, and pregnancy can also cause significant elevated AFP, but usually <400 ug/L. "Elevated CEA indicates the presence of pancreatic cancer, colon cancer and other gastrointestinal tumors, with a positive rate of 88%-91% in pancreatic cancer, 76% in lung cancer, and 73% in colon, breast and ovarian cancers. CEA in combination with another tumor marker CA242 is currently considered to be the best indicator for monitoring colon cancer and is more sensitive than X-ray and proctoscopy in the treatment of colorectal cancer. In terms of predicting patient prognosis, patients with normal preoperative CEA have a high surgical cure rate and are less likely to recur after surgery; if preoperative CEA is already elevated, it suggests the presence of peripheral invasion and metastasis and a poor prognosis. CEA is also elevated to varying degrees in patients with smoking, ulcerative colitis, pancreatitis, and colonic polyps. The normal value of "glycosyl antigen CA19-9" is <37ku/L. It is a gastrointestinal tumor-associated antigen and is a common indicator for the diagnosis and differentiation of pancreatic cancer, with a seropositivity rate of 93% in patients with pancreatic cancer, and can be increased in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, carcinoma of the jugular, bile duct, etc. CA12-5 is also elevated in acute pancreatitis, cholestatic cholangitis, bile duct stones and liver diseases, but rarely exceeds 120ku/L. The normal value of "glycosyl antigen CA125" is < 35ku/L. It is significantly elevated in gastrointestinal tumors such as pancreatic cancer, endometrial cancer and fallopian tube cancer. CA12-5 is particularly valuable in the differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian masses, with a sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 95%, positive predictive value of 82% and negative predictive value of 91%. mild elevation of CA125 is still seen in some benign diseases, such as the first 3 months of pregnancy, during menstruation, endometriosis, uterine fibroid degeneration, uterine fibroids, benign ovarian tumors, acute pancreatitis, pericardial infections, etc. " The normal value of "glycosyl antigen CA153" is < 25ku/L. It can be used for the diagnosis of breast cancer patients, especially for the early diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer. 23% of primary breast cancer and 69% of metastatic breast cancer have elevated serum CA15-3, and only 10%-20% of stage I and II breast cancer patients (early stage) have elevated serum CA15-3. CA15-3 is elevated in only 10-20% of patients with stage I and II breast cancer (early stage), so it is not used for early diagnosis of breast cancer. For advanced stage patients, if CA15-3 is >100ku/L, metastasis is definitely present. In addition, CA15-3 is elevated in 80% of pancreatic cancer, 71% of lung cancer, and 63% of rectal cancer. 5.5% of normal 16% of benign breast patients also have elevated CA15-3. “Prostate specific antigen PSA is a specific marker for prostate cancer. The normal value is <2.6ug/L. The overall positive rate is as high as 82%-97% for intraperitoneal carcinoma with 70% sensitivity and 100% for metastatic carcinoma. However, it is worth noting that these tumor markers do not correspond to the tumor one by one. Therefore, people with normal indicators should not ignore the symptoms of the disease and seek timely medical consultation, while the latter should relax and have regular review.