Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor in clinical practice, and the survival time of patients cannot be generalized, which is mainly related to the stage of tumor and treatment. The most effective treatment for early-stage esophageal cancer patients is surgery, and the overall 5-year survival rate after surgery can be more than 30%, and some patients can even be cured and survive for a long time; the survival rate of patients with progressive esophageal cancer can be about 20%; the emergence of symptoms such as dysphagia indicates that the cancer has progressed to the middle and late stage, and if not actively treated, the survival time usually does not exceed 2 years; if neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery combined with post-operative radiotherapy is actively carried out, the survival time can reach about 5 years; the survival time of patients with esophageal cancer can be about 5 years. If neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery combined with post-operative radiotherapy are actively carried out, the survival time can reach about 5 years; patients with advanced esophageal cancer have lost the chance of surgery, and the survival time is usually 1-3 months. Patients with esophageal cancer should pay attention to adjust their diet, avoid eating pickled food and too hot food, avoid drinking alcohol, take appropriate physical exercise and increase the intake of vitamin-rich and fiber-rich food, and patients with advanced esophageal cancer can choose jejunostomy surgery or total gastrointestinal nutrition and deep vein nutrition support treatment.