1, what is stress urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence is leakage, and stress urinary incontinence is the leakage of urine caused by increased abdominal pressure. Its exact definition is the involuntary leakage of urine from the urethra when the abdominal pressure is increased by sneezing, coughing or labor, exercise, etc. Some women pee their pants when chasing cars or jumping rope is a typical manifestation of stress urinary incontinence. Stress urinary incontinence brings a lot of inconvenience and embarrassment to life, and many patients are too shy to seek medical attention and delay treatment, so it is necessary for us to understand the relevant knowledge, so that women can get rid of this embarrassment as soon as possible. The symptoms of stress incontinence are typical, and are leakage induced by increased abdominal pressure, which affects the quality of life of women. Stress incontinence occurs very commonly, mostly in postmenopausal and postpartum women. 2, why does stress incontinence occur The incidence of stress incontinence varies across the country, and the findings of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital show that the prevalence of stress incontinence among adult Chinese women is as high as 18.9%, with the highest prevalence of 28.0% in the 50-59 age group. So why does stress urinary incontinence occur? Why are postpartum and postmenopausal people prone to stress incontinence? (1) Multiple births, vaginal deliveries and perineal scoliosis are high-risk factors for stress urinary incontinence. We know that the bottom of the pelvic cavity supports the organs in the pelvis, and this bottom support is called the pelvic floor, which supports the bladder, urethra, uterus and rectum. The most powerful part is the muscles and ligaments of the pelvic floor that support the bladder and urethra, the uterus and the rectum so that they do not prolapse or move downward. The growing fetus and amniotic fluid placenta during a woman’s pregnancy put increasing pressure on the pelvic floor, so some women experience stress urinary incontinence in mid to late pregnancy. In addition, excessive compression of the pelvic floor muscles by the fetal previa and surgical assistance during delivery, combined with increased abdominal pressure after delivery, can cause damage and relaxation of the pelvic floor tissues. (2) Dysfunction. Inadequate congenital bladder and urethral tissue support or poor innervation can cause stress incontinence to occur in women who are young and have not had children. (3) Postmenopausal women have reduced blood supply to the urethra and bladder due to estrogen loss and atrophy of the urethra and surrounding pelvic floor muscles, with resulting incontinence. (4) Pelvic masses. If a huge mass grows in the pelvis, such as uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, etc., resulting in increased abdominal pressure and incontinence. (5) Weight. Stress urinary incontinence is related to the patient’s excessive body mass index and abdominal obesity. 3, got stress incontinence how to do Stress incontinence symptoms are typical, if you sneeze, cough, run and jump when leakage occurs, it means that you have got stress incontinence. Although pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause are high-risk factors for stress incontinence, not all postpartum women and menopausal women get stress incontinence. Because stress incontinence affects women’s social life and quality of life, it is recommended that patients with symptoms should seek medical attention, and sometimes perhaps lifestyle adjustments and conservative treatment can alleviate or relieve this unspeakable problem. 4, cesarean women will not get stress incontinence? The answer is no. Childbirth, vaginal assistance, etc. are high-risk factors for stress urinary incontinence, but women who give birth by cesarean section may also have stress urinary incontinence, because during pregnancy, especially in late pregnancy as the fetus grows, the pressure on the pelvic floor increases, as will the muscles and ligaments of the pelvic floor stretch, so women who give birth by cesarean section also have the risk of stress urinary incontinence. 5, what is the non-surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence In the treatment of stress urinary incontinence, non-surgical treatment is an important part of the treatment is mainly for mild and moderate patients, non-surgical treatment of severe patients, only as an adjuvant treatment before and after surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatment can reduce symptoms to varying degrees, even if complete cure cannot be achieved. Non-surgical treatments for stress urinary incontinence include: lifestyle interventions, bladder training, pelvic floor muscle exercises, pelvic floor electrical stimulation, wearing a uterine support and a urinary stopper, etc. (1) Lifestyle interventions: Lifestyle interventions mainly include weight reduction, smoking cessation, prohibition of caffeinated beverages, regular living, avoidance of strong physical work (including lifting and carrying heavy objects), and avoidance of sports activities that increase abdominal pressure. At the same time, constipation, cough and other diseases that cause chronic increase in abdominal pressure should be treated. (2) Bladder training: It is to regulate bladder function by changing urination habits, by recording daily water intake and urination, by filling out bladder function training forms, by consciously extending the interval between urination, and by learning to delay urination by inhibiting urination. (3) Pelvic floor muscle exercise: Pelvic floor muscle exercise, also known as Kegel exercise, refers to the patient’s conscious exercise of voluntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscle groups, specifically; repeatedly perform the action of tightening the anus, requiring the patient to perform three groups of 100-200 contractions per day, each time trying to achieve their longest contraction time, the training time is at least 6 months. Even if the symptoms have improved, it is still necessary to insist on the exercise and have the patient consciously train the situational reflex to be able to contract the pelvic floor muscles autonomously and forcefully before coughing, sneezing or laughing, thus preventing the occurrence of urinary incontinence. 55%-67% of the patients’ symptoms improve and 30% of the patients are cured, and the quality of life of the patients is improved to varying degrees. Stress urinary incontinence can be effectively prevented and treated for up to one year with 8 weeks of exercise under medical supervision. (4) Pelvic floor electrical stimulation: The efficiency of electromagnetic stimulation can reach 50%. Among patients treated with electrical stimulation, 50% achieved complete urinary control or symptom improvement at 90% or more. In addition, the combined application of several methods is more effective than single method treatment. (5) Uterine support: In recent years, new types of uterine support have emerged to improve the symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. For those who are not suitable for surgical treatment, the use of anti-incontinence uterine tray can be considered. 6, what are the advantages of surgery for stress urinary incontinence surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence has the following advantages: (1) can be applied to obese people; (2) can be used local anesthesia; (3) suitable for the elderly and frail, can not tolerate major surgery; (4) the average amount of bleeding, short operating time, short postoperative hospital stay; (5) no serious complications; (6) for patients who have failed in previous surgery still have a high (6) High success rate for patients with previous surgical failures. Stress urinary incontinence cannot be treated surgically in the following cases: (1) those who have not completed development.