Urinary incontinence can be divided into transurethral and extraurethral incontinence. Transurethral incontinence is caused by bladder abnormalities or bladder sphincter abnormalities, and extraurethral incontinence is caused by urinary fistulas or ectopic ureters. What is the specific cause of incontinence, you need to go to the hospital for examination, a clear diagnosis and then targeted treatment. A. Causes: 1. Bladder abnormalities: including forced urinary muscle overactivity and bladder hypo-compliance. Forced urinary muscle overactivity occurs spontaneously or induced by involuntary contraction of the forced urinary muscle during bladder filling, which in turn leads to symptoms of urinary incontinence, mostly seen in stroke, Parkinson’s disease, brain tumors, bladder infections, etc. The bladder hypo-compliance is a rapid increase in forceps pressure when the bladder is full, which leads to incontinence, mostly seen in spinal dysplasia, suprasacral spinal cord injury, tuberculous cystitis, radiation cystitis and other diseases; 2. Bladder sphincter abnormalities: in those with abnormal bladder sphincter, urine will flow out with increased abdominal pressure in the absence of contraction of the forceps muscle, which in turn produces symptoms of urinary incontinence. In men, the abnormal bladder sphincter is often seen in prostate surgery injury, trauma or neurogenic dysfunction, while in women it is mostly related to vaginal delivery, gynecological surgery injury, etc. 3, urinary fistula: Mostly seen in vesicovaginal fistula caused by gynecological surgery, birth injury, the formation of this fistula will lead to urine is not controlled by the bladder sphincter, directly from the vagina outflow, and thus the formation of urinary incontinence; 4, ectopic ureter : Mostly congenital diseases, congenital ectopic ureter can open in the urethra, vagina or vulvar vestibule, etc., and urine is discharged through the urethra and other openings without the bladder, leading to the formation of urinary incontinence. Second, treatment: 1, pelvic floor muscle training: that is, let the patient consciously do the action of contraction of the anal sphincter, which can enhance the function of the external sphincter, increase the support strength of the pelvic floor muscles, thus facilitating the recovery of urinary incontinence; 2, drug therapy: for mild incontinence, alpha agonists or beta-blockers can be used, these two types of drugs can increase the tension of the bladder neck and the residual smooth muscle of the posterior urethra, increasing urethral resistance; and anticholinergic drugs, such as bromopamine tylenol tablets, can reduce the uninhibited contraction of the detrusor muscle and decrease bladder excitability, thus reducing the symptoms of urinary incontinence; 3. Surgery: mainly used for those for whom non-surgical treatment is ineffective. Common surgical methods include urogenital diaphragm repair, posterior pubic bladder urethral suspension fixation, artificial urethral sphincter placement, and mid-vaginal urethral tension-free suspension belt, which can effectively relieve the symptoms of urinary incontinence.