What to do about breast cancer

  1.Epidemiological situation: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, with a global incidence of more than one million in recent years. In China, the incidence rate of breast cancer in some big cities accounts for the first place of female malignant tumors and becomes the number one killer that endangers women’s health. The mortality rate ranks the fourth or fifth among female malignant tumors in large cities. The peak incidence of breast cancer in China is between 40 and 60 years old, and male breast cancer is a rare malignant tumor, the incidence rate of which is about 1% of that of women. Therefore, it is not that men do not get breast cancer, but it is much lower than women.  (1) Family history of breast cancer, if one or more of your mothers or sisters have breast cancer, you have a higher chance of getting breast cancer; (2) Previous history of benign breast diseases including cystic hyperplasia and fibroadenoma; (3) If you have had breast cancer on one side, the incidence of breast cancer on the opposite side is 5-7 times higher than normal; (4) First menstruation (4) menstruation is less than 12 years old, menopause is later than 50 years old, and menstruation is more than 35 years old; (5) older unmarried women who have not had children or whose first full-term birth is after 35 years old; (6) married women who have not had children and are not breastfeeding; (7) those who have had tuberculosis or pneumothorax, or who have had multiple X-ray or chest X-ray examinations; (8) those who have had functional uterine bleeding and adenocarcinoma of the uterus; (9) those who have a high sugar, high fat, high protein diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and postmenopausal obesity; immune function (10) endocrine factors and external hormones, such as frequent consumption of artificial shrimp, fish, chicken, pork, etc. and unreasonable use of health products, long-term oral or injected estrogen; (11) ionizing radiation; (12) poor living habits; (13) environmental pollution, viral infections, etc.; (14) emotional unhappiness, depression; ( (15) other systemic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.  Ultrasound can diagnose up to 80% of malignant lumps with unclear borders, crab feet or jaggedness, hypoechoic or strong echogenicity or uneven echogenicity, and most lumps with longitudinal to transverse diameter ratio greater than 1. The sensitivity of mammography for breast cancer examination is up to 85%-90%, and it often reveals burr-like or dumbbell-like changes, clusters of dense calcifications, malignant halo sign, and funnel sign and other changes. Do not think that the accuracy of mammogram is higher than that of B-ultrasound, so you mistakenly think that it is better to check the mammogram directly and not to check the B-ultrasound, but in fact the two examinations have to cooperate with each other, just like our two legs, which have to walk together. For dense breast and implanted breast, MRI is used as an auxiliary examination, and if necessary, lump aspiration cytology and nipple smear can be used to find cancer cells.  3.How to standardize treatment: Breast cancer is a systemic disease, which is the local manifestation of systemic disease. It is mainly treated by surgery together with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy and Chinese medicine therapy and other comprehensive treatment measures. If standardized and comprehensive treatment is carried out, the treatment effect of breast cancer is still very good, especially if early stage breast cancer can be detected, the long-term cure rate can reach over 90% after proper treatment. If you are unfortunate enough to have breast cancer, don’t be afraid and depressed, don’t have the mentality that having cancer is a death sentence, you should face the reality with a peaceful attitude, actively cooperate with the doctor’s examination and treatment, and actively fight against the disease so as to get out of the shadow of cancer and recover as soon as possible.  4.Special medical advice: After breast cancer surgery, you should strengthen the functional exercise of the affected limbs, maintain an optimistic mood, go to the breast specialist clinic for regular review after treatment, insist on taking medication, self-examination of the healthy side of the breast every month, and annual mammogram examination. In the diet should eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, try to avoid excessive dairy products, meat, fried and baked foods, avoid excessive intake of high fat and high calories, maintain a healthy weight, eat more vegetarian food, eat more high-quality protein, such as soy protein and fish, eat less greasy and thick products, avoid smoking and drinking alcohol. Marriage and childbirth at an appropriate age, and breastfeed the baby for 10 to 12 months after delivery. If necessary, take drugs for chemoprevention, such as tamoxifen, etc. The aim of breast cancer level II prevention is “early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment”.