The main methods of interventional treatment for congenital heart disease (CHD) are, firstly, the use of balloon dilation to release the narrowed valves or vessels, such as pulmonary stenosis (PS), aortic stenosis, aortic constriction, etc.; secondly, the use of blocking devices (including blocking umbrellas, spring coils, etc.) to close the abnormal defects and channels in the heart and blood vessels, such as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), coronary artery fistula, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, etc. In addition, percutaneous radiofrequency perforation of the pulmonary valve is used for rare precordial diseases such as pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum; stenting for pulmonary artery and branch stenosis, aortic narrowing, and post-surgical restenosis.
With the increasing popularity of interventions, complications have occurred. The complication rate was 1.47% in 2318 interventions for four common types of precardiac diseases (PDA, ASD, VSD, PS) reported by one hospital in 2005; the complication rate was 4.33% in 8862 interventions for structural cardiac diseases from 2005 to 2006 in a multicenter (38 military hospitals) throughout the military. Therefore, it is not uncommon for complications to occur with various types of interventions for precordial disease. Common complications of interventional treatment for precardiac disease are as follows: Feng Tianying, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, People’s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region