Are early morning and nighttime medications equally effective in lowering blood pressure?

  A study called HARMONY, presented at the 2016 annual meeting of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH), showed that taking antihypertensive medication in the evening or early morning did not change 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) results in patients with hypertension.  The HARMONY study was a randomized crossover trial that included 95 patients with hypertension from the United Kingdom and Greece. Subjects had a mean age of 62 years, 56% were male, were on at least one antihypertensive medication at baseline, and had stable blood pressure control (<150/<90 mmHg) for the 3 months prior to the trial. The mean body mass index at baseline was 29.1. Fifty-one subjects were randomized to a dosing group between 6-11 a.m. for 12 weeks and 52 to a dosing group in the evening between 6-11 p.m. At 12 weeks, the two groups switched treatment modalities and were treated for another 12 weeks. In addition to measuring heart rate, standard office blood pressure, and 24-hour ABPM (at randomization, at crossover treatment, and at the end of treatment), the investigators administered quality-of-life questionnaires to patients at each time point.  At the end of the analysis, the difference in 24-hour systolic blood pressure between the early morning and evening dosing groups was 0.10 mm Hg. 24-hour diastolic blood pressure was 77.24 vs. 77.99 mm Hg. Quality of life scores for patients in the early morning and evening dosing groups were 84.14 vs. 84.04, respectively. analysis of nationality, age, and gender subgroups yielded consistent results.  The investigators reported that the most commonly used type of antihypertensive drug in both centers was a renin-angiotensin system blocker (80% of cases), followed by a calcium channel blocker. The average type of medication used was 2.  The study did not describe the specific type of medication used, for example, the effect of calcium channel blockers was different from that of ACEIs, which is a limitation of this study.