Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic disease that affects multiple organ systems. When SLE involves the kidneys and results in oliguria, edema, proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension or impaired kidney function, it is called “lupus nephritis”. The clinical manifestations of lupus nephritis are diverse, ranging from edema and abnormal urinalysis (including varying degrees of proteinuria and hematuria) to nephrotic syndrome, nephritis syndrome, and in a few cases, acute nephritis (massive microscopic hematuria or granulomatous hematuria with edema, proteinuria, hypertension, and progressive increase in creatinine), and even chronic renal insufficiency or tubulointerstitial damage. More than 90% of SLE patients will eventually develop renal damage, so urine and renal function must be reviewed regularly. Urinalysis includes proteinuria, tubuluria, hematuria, and leukocyturia. If abnormal urinalysis is found, further renal function and immunological tests should be improved. Kidney biopsy can also be performed to determine the pathological type and guide the treatment. In China, lupus nephritis accounts for the first place of secondary glomerulonephritis. Some patients have kidney damage as the first symptom and first consult the nephrology department, followed by skin and joint symptoms, and these patients are easily misdiagnosed in the early stage. Therefore, the examination of such patients must be careful and comprehensive, and regular follow-up observation.