According to the survey, a significant number of orthopedic surgeons believe that a fracture of the radial neck in children is a small injury that is relatively simple to manage and that most patients have a good prognosis. However, the difficulty of diagnosis, the complexity of treatment and the unpredictability of prognosis of this fracture exceed those of most fractures of the elbow in children, and in some cases the prognosis is extremely poor and the poor outcome is extremely difficult to remedy. The treatment of radial neck fractures in children is varied and includes simple braking, closed reduction with manipulation, percutaneous pinning, intramedullary pinning, incisional reduction with or without internal fixation, and partial or total resection of the radial head. The choice of treatment requires a combination of factors, such as the degree of fracture displacement and angulation, the type of combined injury, the age of the child, and the duration of the injury. The prognosis of this fracture is closely related to the presence of combined injuries, such as elbow dislocation, ulnar hawkbone fracture, and avulsion fracture of the medial epicondyle. Inadequate management may result in severe consequences such as limited rotation of the forearm, superior ulnar radial fusion, osteonecrosis and ischemic necrosis of the radial head epiphysis, all of which may greatly affect the life and learning of the child.