Endometriosis is called when the growing endometrial tissue appears outside of the mucosa covering the uterine cavity and causes a chronic inflammatory-like reaction that results in scar-like lesions causing a range of clinical problems such as dysmenorrhea, pelvic masses and infertility. The most common sites of ectopic endometriosis are the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, rectal fossa, rectovaginal diaphragm, bladder and intestines. It can also grow in areas away from the uterus, such as the lungs and diaphragm. Currently, endometriosis involvement has been reported in every part of the body except the spleen. It is estimated that 1 in 10 women of childbearing age (15-49 years) will develop endometriosis. There are approximately 176 million affected women worldwide. Girls who first menstruate during adolescence may have endometriosis, and the disease may persist until menopause, when it goes into remission. If chocolate cysts develop on the ovaries, they may be at risk of malignancy as they age. A recent World Congress on Endometriosis article from Japan reported that malignancy of postmenopausal chocolate cysts is not uncommon, and clinicians are advised to give ongoing follow-up to this group of patients, even into menopause, and not to take it lightly. Symptoms of endometriosis include painful menstruation, painful ovulation, painful intercourse, delayed pain after intercourse, abnormal bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, fatigue, and infertility, all of which seriously affect a woman’s physical health, mental health, and ability to interact socially. The lack of attention to these symptoms, or even the misconceptions that women have learned from their mothers or social traditions, is the most common cause of delayed diagnosis, as many women believe that menstruation is painful and that pain is a woman’s destiny. In fact, at least 2/3 of diagnosed women have clear symptoms of dysmenorrhea before the age of 20. Studies have found that from the onset of endometriosis to the use of surgery for the gold standard diagnosis, the delay in diagnosis during this period is as long as 7-12 years, so long that the disease is enough to destroy the fertility of many women, so it is even more important to pay attention to teenage dysmenorrhea, if you need to stop classes, pain relief injections must be seen by a specialist. Although some medications are effective in controlling the pain, there is still no medication that can completely cure this disease and many treatments cannot be used for a long time because of their respective side effects. Surgery can effectively remove endometriosis lesions and scar tissue, but the success rate of surgery depends heavily on the extent of the disease and the surgeon’s surgical skills, making endometriosis one of the most difficult of the benign diseases to treat surgically and requiring a specialist with excellent surgical skills and familiarity with the clinical features of the disease. Pregnancy provides temporary relief, but does not cure the disease completely. Hysterectomy, in which all visible lesions are removed at the same time, can provide relief, but is still not a cure. If both ovaries are removed at the same time as the hysterectomy, the chances of pain relief and disease cure are maximized, but the patient goes through menopause rapidly after the procedure, which is difficult for young patients to accept. The pathogenesis of endometriosis is not fully understood, and scholars are more inclined to believe that it is a genetically predisposed disease and that women are at increased risk if their sisters or mothers have the disease.