1, what is coronary heart disease Coronary heart disease is a common disease that threatens the health and life of middle-aged and elderly people, the full name is coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Coronary artery is a blood vessel that grows on the heart specifically to supply blood to the heart muscle, with three main branches and an inner diameter of 1 to 3 mm thick. In middle-aged and elderly people, due to the continuous deposition of lipids in the tubular blood vessels, atherosclerosis and plaque, and even local thrombosis and other lesions, resulting in serious narrowing and obstruction of the coronary artery lumen, poor blood flow, resulting in myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms This causes a series of clinical symptoms, such as chest tightness, angina pectoris, and even myocardial infarction, which are life-threatening. We call it: coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, referred to as coronary heart disease. 2, the performance of coronary heart disease The performance of coronary heart disease: the performance of coronary heart disease depends on the degree of coronary artery stenosis and the breadth of myocardial ischemia. Mild cases can be without any discomfort and only changes of myocardial ischemia are found when doing ECG examination; while common coronary heart disease is angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. The typical characteristics of angina pectoris are: 1.Dullness or pressure and ventricular rest sensation in the retrosternal heart area. 2.The pain may radiate to the left shoulder or the end of the little finger of the left upper limb. 3.The duration of chest pain lasts only a few minutes, usually no more than 15 minutes. 4.It is mostly triggered after the patient’s exertion and full meal. 5.After resting or taking nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue during the attack, the chest tightness can be relieved rapidly. Similar to some of these characteristics of chest tightness if the duration of more than 15-30 minutes, and sublingual nitroglycerin tablets and can not be eased, it is possible that a myocardial infarction has occurred. In this case, the patient often has cold sweats, cold extremities, decreased blood pressure, nausea and vomiting, a sense of near death, palpitations, irregular pulse, shortness of breath, dyspnea, cyanosis, heart failure, and other phenomena. In severe cases, sudden cardiac death may occur. It is worth noting that some elderly people, due to their slow reaction and high tolerance to pain, do not feel chest pain when they have a myocardial infarction. Therefore, once the elderly suddenly have shortness of breath, fine or irregular pulse rate, blurred consciousness and decreased blood pressure, even if there is no chest pain, the possibility of myocardial infarction should be considered, and timely medical consultation should be made for electrocardiogram and myocardial enzyme profile to detect and treat early. 3.Treatment of coronary heart disease The purpose of coronary heart disease treatment is to improve myocardial blood supply, improve the quality of life and prolong the life of patients. Modern treatment methods for coronary heart disease are mainly divided into three parts: drug therapy, interventional therapy and surgical procedures. For patients with mild cases, general treatment and oral medication are taken. Interventional therapy for coronary heart disease is a new and effective method for treating coronary heart disease that has been rapidly developed in recent years. It mainly involves improving myocardial blood supply by placing miniature coronary stents into the coronary artery stenosis site through the blood vessels in the legs or wrists, propping up the stenosis and reopening the vessels. This treatment is less invasive, has a higher rate of symptom elimination, and patients recover quickly. It is mainly suitable for patients with severe coronary artery stenosis and limited lesions. For complex, multi-branch coronary artery lesions, the best option is still surgical treatment, commonly known as coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient’s own blood vessels, such as the internal mammary artery and saphenous vein, are grafted onto the heart to connect the aorta to the distal end of the coronary artery stenosis, restoring adequate, unobstructed blood flow to the heart muscle. It is like reconnecting a water pipe in your home after it has become blocked. Surgical bypass surgery is technically mature and has good medium- and long-term results. The specific treatment will be chosen by your cardiologist based on your specific situation. Coronary artery bypass grafting is to take a section of an autologous saphenous vein or other blood vessel located in the leg and bypass it between the aorta and the distal end of the blocked lesion of the coronary artery, so that blood from the aorta is supplied to the distal end of the coronary artery through the grafted vessel to restore the blood supply to the corresponding myocardium, improve the ischemic state of the myocardium, and relieve the symptoms of angina. Simply put, a channel is created between the proximal and distal ends of the coronary artery stenosis, allowing blood to bypass the stenosis and reach the distal end.