There are many classifications of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, and the etiology of the disease is divided into two categories: known and unknown causes, which are insidious and develop rapidly. Among the known causes of pulmonary fibrosis, the common causes include infections, occupational environmental factors, drugs, radiation and connective tissue diseases. Inhalation of inorganic dust, for example, includes silica, asbestos, talc, antimony, aluminum, coal, beryllium, barium, and iron. Infectious etiologies include infection by fungi, viruses and atypical pathogens. Drug factors include amiodarone, bleomycin, methotrexate, etc. Connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, dry syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus can also cause interstitial lung fibrosis. Radiological factors usually refer to radiation therapy for tumors (radiotherapy for short). And long-term high concentration oxygen therapy can also cause interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. For pulmonary fibrosis of unknown etiology, the mechanism is still unclear, while the risk factors include smoking and environmental exposure. Relatively high-risk industries such as the timber industry, metal mining, and metal product manufacturing may be uncertain factors. Smoking is recognized as the most important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Patients with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis can exercise appropriately to strengthen the body’s resistance, but within limits, do not exercise strenuously, do more abdominal lip reduction breathing, avoid colds as much as possible, and look for causes of local fibrosis and treat the underlying disease.