In the last four decades, the medical community has begun to realize that chronic pain is a disease just like other chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease, and must be treated with the same mindset that chronic pain is a disease, not just a symptom of a disease. This new concept has awakened a flourishing of pain medicine in both basic and clinical research. Dr John Bonica, the “father of pain medicine”, has been working for decades to promote the development of pain medicine; another event that gave a great impetus to the development of pain medicine was the visit of President Nixon to China in 1972, where several American medical leaders personally witnessed and witnessed craniotomy under acupuncture anesthesia. The observation that a small silver needle could produce such an effective analgesic effect, even for major surgical operations, caused the entire Western medical community to be shocked and suddenly awakened to the inadequacy of its own perception of pain and the need to reexamine what “pain” is. Under the propaganda of Dr. Bonica, the International Association For the Study of Pain (IASP) was established in 1975, which led the global medical community to pursue pain in basic research and clinical treatment, and pain science became a popular discipline in an instant. Various medical institutions and countries (especially economically developed countries) have invested a lot of human, material and financial resources to respond to the call of WHO (World Health Organization) to “conquer pain worldwide in 2000”. Although this goal is still far from being reached, it is true that human understanding of pain has evolved more and faster in the last forty years than in the last few thousand years. ”Chronic pain is a disease that requires further diagnosis and effective treatment, and it is essential to train a group of physicians to treat these patients. Currently, 60% of the pain physicians in the United States are anesthesiologists, and nearly 40% of the other physicians are in different departments. Countries around the world have different mechanisms to establish pain departments. In 2007, the Ministry of Health of China officially announced that pain departments should be established in hospitals above the second level. It is also explicitly stipulated that medical institutions carrying out “pain department” should have a medical practitioner with expertise in anesthesiology, orthopedics, neurology, neurosurgery, rheumatology, oncology or rehabilitation medicine, and clinical pain diagnosis and treatment experience and skills. Due to the influence of traditional concepts and knowledge limitations, there are still some misconceptions in the field of chronic pain treatment, such as the misconception that pain treatment is only a symptomatic treatment and cannot solve the fundamental problem. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and explanation, not only to make patients realize the harm of pain and the importance and necessity of timely treatment, but also to make our clinicians realize that carrying out chronic pain treatment and relieving patients’ pain is a very important task of medical and health services, which is a reflection of medical ethics and the progress of modern health care. At least every pain clinical medical and nursing worker should realize that relieving patients’ pain is a sacred cause, treat every pain patient with a positive and caring attitude, diagnose and carry out effective treatment in a timely and serious manner, relieve patients’ pain as soon as possible and improve their quality of life, and promote the stability and harmonious development of society. Pain medicine is a medical marginal discipline, closely related to other medical disciplines and interpenetrating. It involves a wide range of medical fields and diseases. Therefore, it is difficult for the work of this discipline to be undertaken independently by the medical staff of a particular specialty, which requires the collaboration of multiple specialty disciplines to complement each other’s strengths and bring into play their respective advantages in diagnosis and treatment. The creation of a comprehensive pain treatment specialty (center) in a large general hospital is a necessary trend in the development of modern medicine. However, the current clinical status of pain medicine in China, including hospital management and training of professional doctors, is still lacking in regulation. The clinical practice of pain medicine has a large crossover with related disciplines, and the management of human, financial and material resources in each department is compartmentalized, which is difficult to coordinate organically. This has resulted in the embarrassing situation of “small pain departments see each other, big pain push each other”. Some patients with chronic pain have been transferred to various departments in various hospitals for a long time, but they cannot get effective and systematic diagnosis and treatment, which not only wastes a lot of human and financial resources and medical resources, but also makes patients have to suffer from pain for a long time. Although the diagnosis of some pain is clear, but limited by the traditional treatment methods and concepts, patients still do not get timely and effective treatment, so that it evolves into chronic and persistent pain, increasing the difficulty and effectiveness of treatment. The development experience of pain medicine in China in the past 30 years also fully illustrates that the development of pain medicine specialties is a social necessity and the inevitable development of the discipline; in addition to traditional drug treatment, minimally invasive interventional techniques for pain guided by imaging and neurophysiological techniques have been widely emerged, and specialized pain treatment specialties have been widely established in medical institutions above the second-tier level, especially in economically developed regions such as Beijing and Shanghai. Pain specialists have not only relieved a large number of clinical patients, but also avoided unnecessary medical disputes for hospitals. At the same time, pain treatment specialists have won the recognition of the society and sister disciplines with high medical quality. Due to the lack of standardized pain treatment specialties, there is a proliferation of fake medicine; serious medical disputes are caused by patients suffering from “acute and chronic pain”; and the resulting personal, family and social pain is difficult to control. Only with the establishment of a standardized pain treatment specialty can we truly realize the requirement that “pain relief is the basic right of patients”. The establishment of a pain treatment specialist is a concrete measure to truly reflect the medical “service to the people and concern for people’s livelihood”.