1. Nutrients required for the growth and development of children 1. sugar, role: to provide energy, sources: starchy foods; such as rice, flour and other grains. 2, protein, role: constitute the brain, body organs, muscles and other organs and various endocrine substances, such as digestive enzymes, a variety of antibodies, and growth and development of various hormones, sources: animal protein (a variety of meat, animal milk, animal offal, eggs), vegetable protein (soybeans, mushrooms). 3, vitamins, role: a variety of functions, such as vitamin D to promote calcium absorption, vitamin A to maintain night vision of the eyes, vitamin B to promote epithelial growth. Sources: various plants (unprocessed grains, vegetables, fruits) and animal offal. 4, minerals: refers to calcium and iron, zinc and other trace elements. Role: Calcium constitutes the bones and teeth of the whole body, iron is involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin, and zinc is involved in the synthesis of various enzymes (digestive enzymes, etc.). Sources of calcium: animal milk, soy, etc. Vitamin D is required for absorption and utilization. Iron sources: animal blood, liver, black fungus, kelp, etc. Zinc sources: seafood, various animal meat and offal, dried fruits. 5, fiber, role: to promote intestinal peristalsis, excretion of waste. Sources: vegetables, fruits, coarse grains (such as sweet potatoes, corn, etc.). 6, fat, role: energy storage. Source: animal and vegetable oils. Excess energy is converted into fat. 7, children’s growth and development of special nutrients: (1) lecithin, role: to promote brain and nerve development, source: egg yolk. (2) Calcium, role: necessary for the growth of bones and teeth. (3) Iodine, role: promote metabolism, brain development. Sources: seafood, sea salt, iodized salt. Infant nutrition refers to children from full-term to 1 year old, complementary foods are added: rice paste or porridge, egg yolk, meat, vegetables from the 5th month after birth. C. Infant nutrition For children from 1 year old to 3 years old, food types: cereals, animal milk, eggs, meat, vegetables, fruits. Can be made into soft rice, noodles, paste, steamed buns, bread, dumplings, wontons, etc. Hard fruits such as peanuts, soybeans, etc. should be ground and eaten. Morning, noon and evening three meals, afternoon snacks, and animal milk in the evening. Fruits can be eaten after each meal. Food cooking methods: steaming, boiling, avoiding frying, deep-frying and baking. 4. Preschoolers The types of food are basically the same as those for toddlers, but the food practices can be the same as those for adults. V. Healthy diet concept 1 water, drink pure water, mineral water, fresh juice, less synthetic drinks; 2 vegetables, wild and farm vegetables are best, other cleaned and eaten, do not eat overnight vegetables; 3 meat, fresh meat from wild farm animals is best, avoid eating feed-fed animals, try not to eat pickled, canned meat. 4, fruit, fresh fruit before eating washed and peeled. Try not to eat canned fruit. 5, oil, use more vegetable oil, less animal oil. Try not to eat snacks, especially synthetic cookies, candy, etc.