When a patient’s heart valve becomes diseased to a very severe degree, an artificial heart valve may need to be replaced. Currently, there are two major types of artificial hearts: mechanical and biological valves. Artificial mechanical valves are divided into bileaflet and unileaflet valves, with the vast majority of bileaflet valves being used in clinical practice. Biologic valves can be divided into stented and unstented valves, and currently stented valves are mostly used in China. Compared with bioprosthetic valves, mechanical valves are more durable but require lifelong anticoagulation, while the latter have a certain service life (12-15 years) but can be used without anticoagulation. In clinical practice, physicians will recommend which type of valve to use for each patient based on their individual circumstances. Factors that physicians need to consider when selecting a valve include: 1, the patient’s age: usually a biologic valve is selected when the patient is older than 65 years (refer to our average life expectancy). 2, the patient’s co-morbidities: the patient has bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia, gastric ulcer, etc. 3, the patient’s personal wishes: the patient does not want to be anticoagulated after surgery.