Septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are common congenital heart diseases, accounting for 7-10%, 20% and 9-12% of congenital heart diseases, respectively. The main pathophysiological changes are left-to-right shunts at the atrial level, ventricular level and aortic level respectively, resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow and clinical manifestations such as susceptibility to colds and pneumonia. If left untreated for a long time, it may affect growth and development in children, and may also develop bacterial endocarditis (common in VSD). In late stages, it may cause pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure and arrhythmias, and finally severe irreversible pulmonary hypertension, producing right-to-left shunt and cyanosis, clinically known as Eisenmenger syndrome, thus losing the opportunity for surgery and treatment and threatening patients’ lives. The current traditional methods of treating ASD, VSD and PDA are both surgical and medical interventions. Although these two methods require median or lateral chest opening and extracorporeal circulation, they are highly invasive, have long operation time, slow recovery, long hospital stay, obvious skin scars, and affect the aesthetics. Although internal intervention does not require chest opening, less trauma, and although the postoperative recovery is faster, the total cost is about 30-45,000 yuan, which is nearly two times that of surgery, and during the treatment process, the patient has to receive large doses of X-ray radiation, which is not good for health. With the continuous development of medical technology, transthoracic surgical minimally invasive occlusion has become an effective method for the treatment of ASD, VSD and PDA. This method does not require median open-heart surgery or extracorporeal circulation, but only a small incision of about 2-5 cm in the 4th intercostal space at the right edge of the sternum (ASD) or the lower median sternum (VSD) or the 2nd intercostal space at the left edge of the sternum (PDA), and a blocker is delivered transthoracically under ultrasound guidance to block the ASD or VSD or PDA. Minimally invasive surgical blocking and repair of atrial and ventricular septal defects through a small incision in the chest does not require direct visual repair under extracorporeal circulation, resulting in short operative time, few complications, little patient pain, no X-ray radiation, and quick recovery. Since cardiac surgeons are more familiar with the anatomy inside and outside the heart and operate under conditions similar to direct vision, it is easier to deal with various changes during surgery; compared with catheter interventional occlusion, surgical occlusion has a shorter pathway and more direct operation, and it is easy to control the release and retrieval of the occluder, so it has a wider application. Since the operation is performed under general anesthesia in the operating room, once any unexpected situation or complication occurs, it can be promptly and rapidly changed to conventional surgical treatment, which is safer and more reliable. Therefore, minimally invasive surgical occlusion will become a development trend.