(1) Dietary habits: preference for hot, coarse and hard foods, alcohol consumption. (2) intake of nitrosamine compounds: high content of nitrite salts in sauerkraut. (3) The carcinogenic effect of mold: the intake of moldy food. (4) Micronutrient deficiency: molybdenum, zinc, copper, nickel and other deficiencies. (5) Genetic susceptibility: familial aggregation phenomenon. (6) Precancerous lesions of esophagus: chronic inflammatory disease of esophagus and reflux disease of cardia may lead to carcinogenesis. (7) Smoking is also one of the important causes of esophageal cancer. (8) It has been reported in the literature that esophageal adenocarcinoma (high prevalence in Europe and America) is associated with obesity.