Fever, an abnormal increase in body temperature, is a common symptom caused by viral or bacterial infections or other diseases. Foreign studies have confirmed that parents are generally fearful of fever in children and are prone to inappropriate use of antipyretic drugs, which in turn can have a negative impact on their children’s health. High body temperature is not necessarily proportional to the severity of the disease. Some experts believe that if a child has a temperature of 38.8°C but is energetic and does not feel ill, antipyretic treatment is not necessary. Treatment should be given when the child’s temperature exceeds 38.3°C, but is depressed, irritable and presents pain. Children under 6 months of age should be treated promptly for fever due to rapid changes in their condition. infants and children within 3 months of age should be treated cautiously with medication to reduce fever, and more physical methods are appropriate to reduce fever. Physical methods should also be used to reduce fever when the effect of medication is not good or when the body temperature exceeds 39°C less than two hours after the fever is reduced with medication. It takes a certain amount of time for medication to be effective, so when a child’s body temperature suddenly exceeds 40°C, physical methods should be used to reduce fever immediately. The use of antipyretic drugs for children needs to be based on age, condition and health conditions to choose the appropriate variety, dosage and dosage. Most of the antipyretic drugs are commonly used over-the-counter and have better safety and effectiveness, but children should not use adult dosage forms. Children’s antipyretic drops, suspensions and granules specifically for children’s use have good dispersion, fast onset of action, accurate dosage and good taste. The instructions for the use of drugs are detailed, with the dosage, amount and number of doses per day listed for different age groups and corresponding body weights, with clear precautions. Children taking adult pills often have to be split up, and the dose is not accurate and mistakes can easily be made. Pills adhering to certain parts of the pediatric gastrointestinal tract can also cause irritation and damage to delicate tissues. Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, is an antipyretic and analgesic drug with a long history of use. In addition to reducing fever, it also has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Therefore, for some children with fever and obvious inflammation v such as severe upper respiratory tract infection w, it can make the blocked pharyngeal tube reopen or make swallowing smooth. However, the drug has adverse reactions such as intestinal irritation, bleeding, salicylic acid reaction, rash or asthma, of which asthma is the most common, accounting for about 2/3. Used to reduce fever is generally used in small doses for short periods of time and is safer. However, the drug can cause adverse reactions such as neonatal cyanosis, bleeding from the navel, vomiting blood and blood in the stool, and should be prohibited for infants and children. Piperine (Lepirin) is a product of aspirin combined with lysine, which has reduced toxicity and can be administered by injection with fast results and can be used in children over 3 years old. No gastrointestinal irritation of aspirin. It can be used to treat fever caused by various reasons, such as upper respiratory tract infection fever. In some western countries, pediatric aspirin use has been reported to cause Reye’s syndrome. The syndrome is a serious pathology characterized by acute encephalopathy combined with hepatic steatosis, but the etiology has not been fully elucidated. Rarely, aspirin-induced Reye’s syndrome in children has been reported in China. Most of its cases are related to a long-term medication history of aspirin for rheumatic fever and other diseases in children. Therefore, aspirin is no longer used in children in many countries except for Kawasaki disease, and there are no strict requirements for its use in China, but it should be used with caution. In particular, aspirin should be avoided as an antipyretic agent in viral diseases such as chickenpox, which makes children more likely to incur Reye’s syndrome. In children, it is currently limited to pediatric rheumatism and Kawasaki disease. It is not recommended for routine use because its pharmacological effects are more harmful than beneficial. The usual dosage is 10~15mg/kg three times a day with meals, or once every 4~6 hours if necessary. Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which can reduce fever quickly and smoothly, and the duration of fever reduction can be up to 8 hours. Although this drug is similar to aspirin, the adverse effects such as gastrointestinal irritation are significantly lower than those of aspirin, and it is easily tolerated, so it is considered a safe and reliable antipyretic and analgesic drug. The dose of the drug for children can be determined by the condition. Generally, the dose is 5 mg per kilogram of body weight each time, and 10 mg can be used when it is higher than 39℃, and the interval should be 6-8 hours when it is needed again. Increase the dose to increase the duration of fever reduction, if necessary, the dose can be 40 mg per kg of body weight. Ibuprofen can be used alone or often in combination with some other drugs to Enhance the therapeutic effect. The commonly used compound zinc cloth granules contain zinc gluconate to promote the body’s metabolic vitality, while chlorpheniramine maleate can alleviate symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing caused by cold or flu. The drug can also prevent and control acute lung injury, such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The indications for its use are those with 2 or more of the following (1) respiration > 40 breaths/min, (2) heart rate > 140 breaths/min, v3w temperature > 39°C, v4w peripheral blood cells > 15×10 9/L or 4×10 9/L, rod nuclei > 0.15. The drug is characterized by fast onset and long duration, and has a certain effect on the prevention and treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Acetaminophen is paracetamol, which mainly inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in the central nervous system to produce temperature regulation and analgesia, rarely causes gastrointestinal adverse reactions, but may have rash, drug fever and mucosal damage, occasionally can cause liver and kidney damage, slow onset of action, but more durable. WHO recommends this drug for children over two months of age. It is especially suitable for children with asthma, influenza or chickenpox fever. The dose is 10-15 mg per kg of body weight per time, not more than 4 times a day, and is usually used to reduce fever for no more than 3 days. Infants under two months of age should be given as prescribed by the doctor. 10% drops for children under 2 years of age and 5% syrup for children over 2 years of age. Indomethacin, also known as anti-inflammatory pain, is used to reduce fever by inhibiting the synthesis and release of prostaglandins, preventing pyrogen from entering human brain tissue, and relieving the stimulation of hypothalamic thermoregulatory center by pyrogen. It has the advantages of mild and stable cooling effect, less sweating and no discomfort. Some studies have found that this drug can reduce fever faster than aspirin, reduce the number of days of hospitalization, and is effective for some long-term fever that cannot be easily controlled. However, the long-term application of this drug has more adverse effects v35%~50%w, mainly hypothermia, shock, allergic reactions and bone marrow suppression. The usual dosage: 0.5~1mg/kg per dose orally, if the body temperature does not drop within 2 hours of taking the drug orally, it can be taken 1~2 times. Anacin may cause granulocyte deficiency, kidney damage and allergic reactions, which are more serious. Adverse reactions. The pharmacopoeia still contains the drug, but it is only used for emergency antipyretic in cases of acute hyperthermia and acute illness, and no other effective antipyretic drugs are available. Oral administration has been used less frequently and more often for nasal drops. A 20% solution should be used, 1 to 2 drops per nostril for infants and 2 to 3 drops per nostril for children over two years old. It is used for infants under 10 months of age, and the effect is exact. children over 5-6 years of age are generally not given by nasal drops. children over 6 months of age with high fever can be given by intramuscular injection at a dose of 10-20 mg per kilogram of body weight each time, and generally only once to ensure safety. Primary care units are less likely to use anandamide to reduce fever due to the relative lack of experience in medication use and conditions for handling serious adverse drug reactions. The former dosage is 0.1ml/kg each time, but it is easy to cause granulocytopenia or aplastic anemia in a small number of allergic children, and its incidence is 10 times higher than that of chloramphenicol, and when the injection volume is slightly larger, it may cause profuse sweating and deficiency, or even shock, so it should not be used as a routine antipyretic drug. It is especially prohibited for infants under 3 years of age. Corticosteroids Some primary care physicians regard corticosteroids as a “cure-all” and are accustomed to using dexamethasone to reduce fever, which is an incorrect medication regimen. In addition to autoimmune diseases, glucocorticosteroids are mainly used for emergency treatment of shock, severe infection or inflammation. Glucocorticosteroids used to reduce fever in children tend to mask the condition and can cause misdiagnosis. These drugs have no antibacterial or antiviral effects, but have significant immunosuppressive effects. Improper use of glucocorticosteroids may promote the spread of bacterial or viral infections and aggravate the disease, and may also cause the resurgence of infections that tend to improve. Glucocorticoids also have the effect of aggravating the adverse effects of acetaminophen and other antipyretic drugs. Therefore, the use of dexamethasone and other corticosteroid drugs to reduce fever may lead to the adverse consequences of a small disease into a large disease, this method should not be used easily. Pediatric fever to the cold, the cause of most viral infections, Chinese medicine treatment has certain advantages. Such as pediatric cold and flu oral liquid, pediatric fever relief oral liquid, pediatric clear throat granules, anti-viral oral liquid, Shuanghuanglian oral liquid, etc.. These drugs are easy to use and have comprehensive therapeutic effects such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and immunity-boosting. They are preferred in milder cases. However, these drugs are not convenient for young children because of the large amount of drugs used at one time. Chinese medicine to reduce fever is safer, but children’s medication should also be used according to the instructions. There are many causes of fever, which can be colds and tonsillitis; it can also be serious diseases such as pneumonia, measles and meningitis. Fever-reducing drugs can only improve symptoms and have no antibacterial or antiviral ability. Therefore, the cause of the disease should be identified before using antipyretic drugs to avoid affecting the diagnosis and delaying treatment. There are many varieties of antipyretic drugs, both single-component and various compound preparations, but the main active ingredients are the same or similar, so it is not advisable to use several drugs at the same time. Some parents like to increase the dose to their children once they hear that a certain drug has good safety, hoping to increase the efficacy, this understanding should be changed. Too large a dose of antipyretic drugs can easily cause gastrointestinal symptoms, and even cause liver and kidney damage. Too strong an antipyretic effect can cause excessive sweating, and a sudden drop in body temperature can lead to deficiency. Especially for infants and children with fever, medication should be prescribed by an experienced pediatrician and should not be used carelessly. There have been reports of infants who were given a few drops of acetaminophen drops to reduce fever, but the parents gave a small spoonful according to the child’s dosage, resulting in serious liver damage. After using antipyretic drugs, it is important to drink more water appropriately, which is needed for the metabolism of the child’s organism and also helps the metabolism and excretion of drugs to avoid and reduce adverse drug reactions. When applying antipyretic drugs, attention should be paid to: v1w be familiar with the contraindications and contraindications of various antipyretic and analgesic drugs, understand the various components of the compound preparations, in order to prevent the reuse of drugs, increasing the chance of adverse reactions. v2w antipyretic drugs can be taken every 4-6 hours if necessary, the general course of treatment should not exceed one week, after the fever has subsided, then stop taking. The child who is weak, dehydrated or deficient should not be given antipyretic drugs, and should be encouraged to drink more water to avoid aggravating the disease; for those who repeatedly use antipyretic drugs, the blood picture should be rechecked to avoid granulocytopenia. v3w antipyretic drugs should be taken on time, and the dose should not be increased or the duration of administration shortened at will, and should not be used in combination.