Secretory otitis media is a common otologic disease of childhood. It has many different names, such as catarrhal otitis media and non-suppurative otitis media. Secretory otitis media can cause ear pain, ear occlusion, tinnitus, hearing loss and other discomforts. Because children often do not complain, they often do not attract the attention of parents in a timely manner. It is only when the child likes to turn up the sound when watching TV and when the child’s academic performance drops that the parents pay attention to the problem and bring it to the hospital. So what causes otitis media in children? There are several causes. The most common causes are rhinitis, sinusitis, and adenoid hypertrophy. The obstruction of the eustachian tube leads to gas absorption in the middle ear cavity and the inability of outside gas to enter the middle ear cavity through the eustachian tube, resulting in a negative pressure state and leakage of fluid into the middle ear cavity, which affects the movement of the eardrum and leads to hearing loss. Second, recurrent infections, such as acute suppurative otitis media recovery, can cause similar changes. In addition, immune response is also an important cause of secretory otitis media. So, how should secretory otitis media be treated? First of all, we should treat the affected child according to the cause of the disease. Remove the obstruction of the eustachian tube, avoid repeated respiratory infections, and diagnose allergic diseases with active anti-allergic treatment, while avoiding contact with allergens. When secretory otitis media is detected, if the child has no obvious hearing loss, conservative treatment can be given first and observed for 3 months. If conservative treatment is ineffective, or if the child has experienced significant hearing loss, then surgical treatment needs to be considered. Surgical treatment includes tympanic membrane puncture and fluid extraction, tympanotomy, tympanotomy tube placement, and tympanic membrane laser perforation, etc. Depending on the child’s condition and the conditions of each hospital, the appropriate treatment method can be chosen. Of course, if otitis media is combined with adenoid hypertrophy, the enlarged adenoids should be removed at the same time. In cases of combined rhinitis and sinusitis, active treatment is also required before and after surgery. In addition, if a tympanotomy is performed, water in the ear should be avoided after surgery. At the same time, it is important to strengthen exercise and prevent colds to avoid recurrence. In conclusion, otitis media is a common otologic disease in childhood, which can affect the learning and life of the affected children and requires attention. Early detection and treatment will not cause adverse effects to children.