According to some experts, 25% of patients with epilepsy are unable to control their seizures effectively after combined regular medication, and these patients are medically known as “refractory epileptics”. These patients are medically referred to as “refractory epileptics”. The diagnostic criteria are 3 years or more of onset, at least 2 years of regular antiepileptic drug treatment, and at least 3 seizures per month. Refractory epilepsy is a serious health risk for patients, with a mortality rate of 20%, and is an acute and dangerous disease. The disease is also a major medical concern and research. In a recent issue of Lancet Neurology, the leading functional neurology journal, three experts from France, the United Kingdom and Switzerland reviewed the surgical treatment of epilepsy in the context of clinical practice. They point out that for patients with refractory epilepsy, surgical treatment is the most effective way to control seizures. In the surgical treatment of epilepsy, doctors at the International Center for Brain Diseases (Functional Neurology) of Shanghai Oriental Hospital are also actively exploring, closely following the continuous promotion of the concept of precision surgery, a new set of scientific treatment for refractory epilepsy has been formed, and significant results have been achieved. In the surgical treatment of epilepsy surgery, accurate localization of the point of origin of epileptic foci discharge is the key. The department has introduced the U.S. Nikoli 128-conductor long-range video EEG monitoring system, which combines EEG monitoring with far-infrared video for 24 hours or longer continuous dynamic EEG monitoring, providing reliable and accurate data for epilepsy diagnosis, typing, surgical site and surgical access selection. The authors of the Lancet Neurology article state that the efficacy of surgical treatment of epilepsy depends on the type of epilepsy, the underlying pathological mechanism, and the accurate localization of the epileptogenic focus in the brain (by means of multiple clinical physical examinations, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological examinations). Doctors at the International Center for Brain Diseases (Functional Neurology) of Shanghai Oriental Hospital combine clinical experience to accurately determine the consistency of anatomical epileptogenic foci with functional epileptogenic foci according to the patient’s condition, and the surgical approach varies from person to person. For patients with primary epilepsy or epilepsy without clear foci on CT or MRI, as long as the EEG diagnosis is refractory epilepsy, stereotactic RF surgery or neuromodulation DBS treatment can be used; while patients with limited epileptogenic foci can undergo epileptic focal resection. At present, doctors at the International Center for Brain Diseases (Functional Neurology) of Shanghai Oriental Hospital have successfully performed nearly six hundred cases of fine surgery for refractory epilepsy, with a total efficiency of over 95%. After six months to one year of post-operative follow-up, most patients can normally integrate into family life and return to society; and most patients’ seizure symptoms then disappear, which also greatly reduces the various burdens of family and society and gives patients and families a new hope for life. With regard to the development of fine surgical procedures for refractory epilepsy, the authors of the Lancet Neurology article highlight that new indications for epilepsy surgery or new surgical procedures have surfaced over the past 5 years due to advances in the knowledge of epileptic disorders or surgical approaches. One of these emerging concepts is the potential for successful surgical outcomes even in some patients with EEG or MRI abnormalities manifesting to a greater extent than the area of the brain that can be safely resected.