Bone spurs, scientifically known as osteoarthritis, are a very common degenerative change of the knee joint that causes progressive and irreversible wear and tear of the internal structures of the knee joint and is the leading cause of disability in the developed world. The disease is more prevalent after middle age and is more common in women than men. The prevalence is 10-17% in people aged 40 years, 50% in people aged 60 years and older, and up to 80% in people aged 75 years and older. Osteoarthritis of the knee can be classified as primary osteoarthritis or secondary to abnormal changes in joint stress, such as trauma and fractures around the knee joint, congenital deformities, etc. The true cause of the disease, which is still mainly primary osteoarthritis, is unclear and is often thought to be related to factors such as genetics, age and obesity, while others have speculated that it is due to decreased ability to repair articular cartilage after damage. The pathological progression of osteoarthritis of the knee begins with wear and tear of the joint surface, followed by the formation of bone spurs around the knee joint, and then the gradual wearing away of the cartilage from the joint surface, revealing the bony portion beneath the cartilage. The loss of cartilage protection and lubrication of the bony parts against each other produces significant pain. The early clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee are usually painful going up and down stairs; then gradually painful walking on a flat surface, which usually occurs first on the inside of the knee. These pains usually occur with activity, but are not usually noticeable at rest. In addition, osteoarthritis of the knee is often associated with swelling of the joint fluid. As the disease progresses, the pain increases and the knee gradually becomes pronated and flexed, which means that the O-leg and knee joint becomes difficult to straighten and squatting becomes increasingly difficult. The diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee is not complicated and usually requires only a simple knee x-ray combined with the above typical clinical signs and symptoms. Typical x-rays of osteoarthritis of the knee show narrowing of the knee joint space, significant formation of surrounding bone fragments, subchondral bone cysts on the joint surface, and subchondral bone sclerosis. The initial treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee is usually conservative in terms of lifestyle changes and pain management. Changes in exercise habits include recommendations for non-weight-bearing or bone-impacting exercises such as swimming and bicycling, and ideally, weight loss to reduce the load on the knee joint. For pain control, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often used for anti-inflammatory and pain relief, which have certain side effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, if there is discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract, cyclooxygenase-II selective inhibitors, such as Cilobal and Ankylosing, are recommended, which are less irritating to the gastrointestinal tract. All of the above conservative treatments can only achieve symptom control and delay the progression of the disease, while osteoarthritis occurs as an irreversible change, and none of these treatments can cure the disease. If osteoarthritis of the knee has progressed to an advanced stage of the disease, and conservative treatment is not effective, and walking on flat roads does not last for half an hour, surgical treatment should be considered. If the pain is confined to the medial knee and imaging shows that the disease involves only a single medial compartment of the knee, a unicondylar knee replacement can be considered, which is a reparative surgery, similar in nature to a dental filling. However, this is not a radical surgery, and the rest of the joint that is not repaired is still subject to disease progression and may eventually become involved in the total knee. For all patients with advanced osteoarthritis involving the total knee, the only effective and curative treatment is total knee arthroplasty. It is important to note that currently artificial joints have a lifespan, with 95% of them typically lasting 15 years or more, so patients who are younger may have to deal with multiple artificial joint surgeries.