Cystic tumors of the tail of the pancreas are mainly divided into: 1) plasmacytoma; 2) mucinous cystadenoma; 3) papillary mucinous tumor in the ducts of the pancreas. The timing of treatment for cystic tumors of the tail of the pancreas: All cystic tumors of the pancreas should be treated with surgery as early as possible, because all cystic tumors of the pancreas, except plasmacytoma, have malignant potential; and it is difficult to determine their pathological type before surgery. The specific timing of surgery should also be individualized and considered based on the size of the tumor, the patient’s general condition, and the complaining symptoms. For pancreatic plasmacytic cystadenoma, if the preoperative tumor index and imaging examination indicate that the possibility of cystic tumor is high, and the tumor diameter is less than 3 cm, and the patient has no obvious symptoms, surgery can be temporarily withheld and closely observed, and CT review will be performed every six months; if the patient develops symptoms such as abdominal discomfort or rapid tumor growth during the follow-up period, surgery should be performed without hesitation. For mucinous cystadenoma and intraductal papillary mucinous tumor, this tumor has malignant potential, and the patient’s age gradually increases from adenoma to invasive carcinoma, which is a precancerous lesion, and early surgical resection is the key to improve the prognosis. However, in most cases, it is difficult to determine the exact pathological type of tumor based on laboratory and imaging examinations alone before surgery; therefore, we advocate aggressive surgical treatment for patients who cannot identify the pathological type of tumor, for those who have difficulty in identifying plasmacytoma or mucinous cystadenoma, and for those whose tumor diameter exceeds 3 cm or who have obvious clinical symptoms. Treatment options: For cystic tumors of the pancreatic body and tail, with the development of minimally invasive techniques, laparoscopic pancreatic body and tail resection has become the gold standard for this type of tumor, and it has also been reported that the rate of spleen preservation is significantly higher than that of open surgery. As a retroperitoneal organ, the pancreas has a deep anatomical location, which makes it more difficult to separate and reveal, and is prone to postoperative serious complications such as pancreatic leakage and bleeding, thus posing higher requirements for minimally invasive techniques. The successful performance of difficult full laparoscopic pancreatic surgery requires extensive experience in open abdominal surgery and skilled laparoscopic surgery techniques; however, for patients, traditional open pancreatic surgery often requires a large incision of 20-30 cm, which can be done laparoscopically to significantly reduce pain and shorten postoperative recovery time, and the benefits to patients are self-evident. The pancreatic surgery department of Cancer Hospital of Fudan University has carried out more than 100 cases of laparoscopic pancreatic body tail resection so far, and there is no case of passive conversion to open surgery, and the rate of spleen preservation is significantly higher than that of open surgery, while patients can be discharged in 5-7 days after surgery.