There are two types of positive tuberculosis: one is a positive tuberculin test; the other is a positive sputum test. A positive tuberculin test indicates infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and if the tuberculin test is strongly positive, it may be associated with active tuberculosis. Sputum testing consists of two tests: one is a positive sputum smear for Mycobacterium antacidum; the other is a positive sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Both positives indicate a positive sputum bacillus, and if the sputum bacillus is positive, it is infectious. If the sputum test is positive, the tuberculosis test is also positive, and there are typical tuberculosis lesions on imaging, active tuberculosis can be identified. Patients with active tuberculosis need reasonable and regular anti-tuberculosis treatment. With reasonable and regular anti-tuberculosis treatment, tuberculosis has a good prognosis and can usually be cured.