Patients with chronic hypertension experience varying degrees of vascular alterations. Patients will experience increased peripheral resistance of blood vessels, decreased elasticity of vascular arterial walls, increased vascular brittleness, and high blood viscosity, all of which can lead to secondary changes in blood vessels. In normal people, the intima is smooth and fluid, but in patients with hypertension, atherosclerotic plaques will gradually form under the intima, resulting in hardening of the lumen wall and decreased elasticity, and over time, plaque rupture and bleeding will also occur, causing further narrowing of the lumen and increased resistance to blood flow, which will also lead to cardiogenic diseases or cerebrovascular diseases.