Radionuclide patch therapy is one of the earliest, most common and most mature treatments used in nuclear medicine. It has been applied in clinical practice for more than 40 years. Since this therapy is effective in treating certain diseases, it only works on diseased tissues and does not cause damage to normal tissues, is painless, easy to operate, convenient to treat, and has obvious cosmetic effects, it is easily accepted by patients, especially infants and children, and is widely used in clinical practice. The principle of dressing treatment is to use radionuclides emitting beta rays, such as 32P, 90Sr or 90Y, adsorb them evenly on filter paper or silver foil, make special dressers according to the shape and size of the lesion, put the dresser firmly on the surface of the lesion, and carry out external irradiation treatment on superficial lesions. Some lesions are sensitive to radiation, and after ionizing radiation, degenerative changes such as microvascular atrophy and occlusion will occur; some diseases will be cured by local vascular permeability change, increase of white blood cells and phagocytosis after irradiation; proliferative lesions will be controlled by slowing down cell division after irradiation. Beta radiation therapy is mainly applied to the treatment of simple cutaneous hemangioma, cavernous cutaneous hemangioma, keloid, intractable eczema and limited neurodermatitis, etc. Most of them can achieve satisfactory results. As shown by clinical trials, β particles have good efficacy for certain diseases in dermatology, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology. Compared with γ-ray therapy and neutron therapy, it is suitable for direct irradiation therapy (also called “dressing therapy”) on the body surface because of the high ionization density and short range in biological tissues. Secondly, due to the small penetrating ability of β particles, it is safer to operate and will not cause radiation damage to deep tissues and adjacent organs. In addition, beta particles have the advantages of easy shielding, convenient use and low cost. Therefore, the surface application of beta particles is now widely used.