Many diseases have a benign and a malignant component, and although epilepsy is not called malignant epilepsy, some pediatric epilepsies are referred to as benign epilepsy. The most common type of benign pediatric epilepsy is “benign pediatric epilepsy with central temporal spike waves,” a long name for the disease that includes the main features of the disease. It occurs only in the pediatric period and accounts for about 1/4 of all pediatric epilepsies, which is a relatively common type of epilepsy. The first onset of the disease is most often between the ages of 2 and 13 years, most often between the ages of 5 and 10 years. Boys have slightly more seizures than girls. The timing of seizures is closely related to sleep, often occurring shortly after the child falls asleep or in the morning before or after waking up, and sometimes during naps. A few children can also have seizures during the day when they are awake. The seizure often starts with twitching of the facial muscles on one side, and gradually twitches of the upper and lower limbs on the same side, and then develops into a whole body twitch. Sometimes this process develops quickly, and when parents find it, the child is already twitching all over. If the child has woken up before the seizure, he or she often shows oropharyngeal symptoms, such as increased saliva, swallowing sounds from the throat, or some abnormal sensations in the mouth. Although sometimes the child understands it in his mind, he cannot say anything. The number of episodes varies from child to child. Some children have only one to two episodes, or one to two episodes a year, while others have more frequent episodes. The EEG of this disease has special changes. When there is no seizure, it shows spike or slow spike waves in the central or temporal area of the brain, but 30% of the children show this feature only after sleeping. Therefore, when this disease is suspected, if the EEG is normal when the child is awake, a sleep EEG is also needed to clarify the diagnosis. Why is this disease called benign? Because there are no organic changes in the brain, and CT and MRI examinations are normal. The child’s intellectual development is not affected after the disease, and some children do well in school. The seizures become less and less frequent as the child gets older. About half of the children stop having seizures after 3 years, about 90% stop having seizures at the age of 12, and almost all stop having seizures at the age of 17. If it is the first seizure, the child can be treated without medication; if he has had many seizures, he needs to take antiepileptic drugs, which are effective in treating the disease.