Atrial fibrillation complicates more than 60% of patients with rheumatic heart disease, especially mitral valve disease. Some patients with normal heart rhythms before surgery may also develop permanent atrial fibrillation after surgery, mainly due to the long-term effects of the valve disease itself on the heart. Atrial fibrillation, also known as atrial fibrillation, is a normal heartbeat in sinus rhythm, in which the heart beats regularly, i.e., it beats in unison. In atrial fibrillation, the atria beat irregularly, and the patient may feel panicky or have an irregular heartbeat (self-testing of the pulse may be irregular). Valve replacement does not solve the problem of atrial fibrillation by itself; it does not eliminate atrial fibrillation, so the vast majority of patients will still have an atrial fibrillation rhythm after surgery. For a solution, radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation is required, which we will describe in more detail below. What are the effects of atrial fibrillation on the human body? The effects of atrial fibrillation on the human body are mainly in the following aspects: 1, when atrial fibrillation, the patient will have an irregular heartbeat and uncomfortable heartbeat; 2, atrial fibrillation will mildly reduce the function of the heart; 3, atrial fibrillation has an increased risk of thrombosis; 4, if atrial fibrillation when the ventricular rhythm is relatively low, for example, less than 40 beats/minute, and there are manifestations of fainting and so on, it will be necessary to install a cardiac pacemaker. The vast majority of patients with long-term atrial fibrillation have tolerated and adapted to atrial fibrillation rhythms without discomfort or hypotension, and the risk of thrombosis can be reduced by strict anticoagulation with warfarin. For patients who feel that they cannot tolerate the fast AF rhythm, want to return to normal sinus rhythm, or want to change the bioprosthetic valve to avoid lifelong anticoagulation with warfarin, you can communicate with your supervising doctor before the surgery to express your wish, and the supervising doctor will give you a reasonable suggestion according to your actual condition. Can atrial fibrillation be treated? Currently, in addition to medication, the main treatment for atrial fibrillation is medical and surgical radiofrequency ablation, and some patients can return to normal sinus rhythm after surgery. However, the success rate of surgery is low, and some patients may have recurrence after surgery. At the same time, there are certain risks and complications associated with AF radiofrequency ablation, such as bleeding, postoperative slow heart rate (mostly caused by high degree of atrioventricular block) requiring the installation of a permanent pacemaker. Meanwhile, the cost of treatment will increase due to the use of special medical equipment and expensive disposable surgical materials. Patients have to consider the above factors and decide whether they want to undergo AF radiofrequency ablation treatment in conjunction with valve surgery, taking into account their specific situation.