In recent years, the incidence of children’s tumors has been on the rise year by year, and has become one of the major diseases threatening children’s health. Among the causes of death of children under 14 years of age in China, malignant tumors rank second only to accidental injuries. At present, the 5-year overall disease-free survival rate of children with malignant tumors has reached 70% to 80%. The U.S. Children’s Oncology Group (COG) has set a goal of a 90% cure rate for childhood malignancies by 2030, which will achieve another leap in the treatment of pediatric tumors. The therapeutic effect of children’s tumors is better than that of adults, which is mainly related to the characteristics of children’s tumors: 1. Embryonic development relevance: in the process of development, embryonic tissues cannot be differentiated or regress due to certain reasons, and the residual embryonic tissues evolve into tumors, i.e. the doctrine of delayed embryonic differentiation. The doctrine of induced differentiation generated on this basis is the basis for the treatment of childhood tumors. 2.Composition of children’s tumors: leukemia occupies the first place, followed by central nervous system tumors, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, soft tissue tumors, bone tumors and so on. Children have high sensitivity to chemotherapy, good tolerance and less toxic side effects. 4.The intensity of chemotherapy for children’s tumors is greater than that of adults, but the cases of lowering the intensity of chemotherapy due to bone marrow suppression and infection are less than that of adults. 5.Tumor regresses on its own: neuroblastoma 4S can regress on its own, but the mechanism is unknown. Progress in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia Currently, the cure rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has reached about 70%, and the quality of survival has become more concerned due to the increasing number of long-term survivors. Meticulous categorization of children and reducing the intensity of treatment for children with a favorable prognosis is a trend for future development. Using the MICM classification method, i.e., Morphology (Mophology), Immunology, Cytogenetics, and MolecularBiology, children are categorized into standard-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk ALL based on the test results, and are given treatment of appropriate intensity. Currently, clinical attention is highly focused on the prognostic impact of fusion genes formed after chromosomal translocation.