What is a facial wrinkle reduction (facelift)? What are the indications and contraindications?

As we age, prolonged gravity, ligamentous laxity, and fat pad displacement result in soft tissue sagging, especially in the lower cheeks, jaw, and neck where significant tissue sagging occurs. Facial wrinkle reduction was originally a surgical procedure to lift an aging, sagging face by removing the skin at the edges of a facial flap and suturing the incision under some tension. This early practice was performed more than 100 years ago, and the surgical approach has progressed to include techniques that incorporate a combination of measures, including lifting, filling, and rearranging facial tissues to achieve facial rejuvenation. Although there have been many developments in minimally invasive techniques such as injectable cosmetic surgery, none have achieved the same level of comprehensive improvement of the aging face as facial wrinkle reduction, restoring the major facial anatomical structures to a more youthful state. Indications and contraindications Frontal wrinkle reduction can eliminate or improve the forehead, between the eyebrows, the root of the nose wrinkles, crow’s feet, and correct the eyebrow and upper eyelid skin sagging. Temporal wrinkle surgery can eliminate or improve temporal skin laxity, crow’s feet, lateral eyelid or eyebrow droop. Buccal wrinkle reduction treats sagging and wrinkles in the zygomatico-cheek and mandibular tissues. Contraindications include psychological disorders or unrealistic demands; uncontrolled chronic systemic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus; and acute and chronic infections of the surrounding tissues.