Recently, Director Qian Rulin of the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Zhengzhou People’s Hospital has successfully completed two cases of mediastinal tumors involving large blood vessels, including a 19-year-old woman whose mediastinal tumor not only encircled the large blood vessels of the upper mediastinum, but also had cancerous thrombus almost completely blocked in the lumen of the Y-shaped bifurcation of the superior vena cava and the left and right unnamed veins, and the cancerous tissue invaded the vessel wall. The middle lobe and part of the upper lobe of the right lung invaded by the tumor were removed and the patient recovered well after the operation. This difficult operation was the first one carried out in the thoracic field in our province, which marked a new level of thoracic surgery technology in our province in this field. The diagnosis of mediastinal tumor relies on the most common symptoms such as chest tightness, chest pain, cough and shortness of breath. Physical examination may include sternal augmentation, enlarged cervical or supraclavicular lymph nodes, and limited surname croup. x-ray, CT and MRI may reveal mediastinal occupying lesions. Invasion of the superior vena cava and the unnamed vein by mediastinal tumors indicates that the primary tumor is advanced and the long-term prognosis is very poor. Invasive thymic tumors involving large blood vessels in the chest are difficult to resect surgically and technically demanding due to the high surgical risk; radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone obviously cannot achieve the purpose of radical treatment and the 5-year survival rate is low. It used to be considered as a contraindication to surgery. In recent years, with the application of vascular surgery techniques in the surgical treatment of thoracic tumors, some patients whose tumors invade the superior vena cava and/or the innominate vein have been treated with radical surgery. Aggressive surgical treatment should be adopted for invasive thymic tumors involving large blood vessels in the chest. Even with palliative resection, the prognosis is better than radiotherapy and chemotherapy alone when supplemented with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The results of many studies have confirmed that most patients have achieved long-term survival after surgery combined with radiotherapy.