Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which specifically refers to a group of disorders that cause an inflammatory response (e.g., redness and edema of the intestinal mucosa) in the whole or a part of the intestine, includes two specific disorders, ulcerative colitis (abbreviated as ulcerative colitis or UC), and Crohn’s disease (also known as Crohn’s disease, abbreviated as CD). Unlike intestinal infections, inflammatory bowel disease is not caused by a particular pathogen; its cause is not fully understood, multiple factors may be involved, and the resulting inflammation of the intestines usually lasts for a long time and recurs from time to time. Both are chronic diseases that require long-term medical treatment and, in a significant number of patients, surgical intervention. Although the medical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease has progressed rapidly over the past decade, for example, with the widespread use of biologics, nearly half of Crohn’s patients still suffer from inflammatory bowel disease. However, nearly 70% of patients with Crohn’s disease and about 30% of patients with ulcerative colitis eventually require surgical intervention. Surgical procedures for Crohn’s disease include resection and anastomosis of intestinal segments, strictureplasty, ileostomy diversion to or from the colostomy, fistula resection or repair, and incision and drainage of abscesses. Inflammatory bowel disease broadly speaking, including a variety of intestinal inflammatory diseases, generally speaking, is involved in the ileum, rectum, colon, these can be called inflammatory bowel disease, its performance is generally diarrhea, abdominal pain, and even some people can have bloody stools, in general, is to have inflammatory changes in this disease. Inflammatory bowel disease is like “green cancer” Inflammatory bowel disease is like “green cancer”, although it can not be cured, the patient can live a normal life in most of the time of life, of course, the premise is to cooperate with the doctor’s treatment, especially in the non – onset of maintenance therapy can not be ignored. Of course, the premise is to cooperate with the doctor’s treatment, especially in the non-epidemic period should not be neglected maintenance therapy. There are two concepts of inflammatory bowel disease. One is broad and the other is narrow. All kinds of inflammatory bowel disease can be called broad inflammatory bowel disease. But the narrow sense means two diseases, one is ulcerative colitis and the other is Crohn’s disease. In the past, inflammatory bowel disease was mostly seen in western developed countries, and was considered rare in China, but in recent years the incidence of the disease in China has shown a significant upward trend. Just in 2011, a large sample epidemiological survey was conducted in Zhongshan City, which showed that the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease has reached 3 per 10,000. Since inflammatory bowel disease is a lifelong disease, with new patients every year, the whole population of the disease is getting more and more like a snowball! Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is highly prevalent in young people, and it is becoming increasingly common for cases to begin in childhood. The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is still not very clear, it is currently believed that this disease has a genetic susceptibility, in the role of unknown causes lead to immune dysregulation, ultimately leading to the emergence of a series of inflammatory lesions in the intestinal tract, with the current level of medical technology can not be cured. Many patients feel pain when they get the diagnosis and see no hope. Therefore, inflammatory bowel disease is like a “green cancer”, although it can not be cured, but doctors will do their best to let patients live a normal life in most of the time, and even have children. Second, the non-epidemic period should not be ignored to maintain the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is a long, lifelong treatment. Whether the patient actively cooperates with the doctor’s treatment directly determines the effect of treatment and the patient’s quality of life. For example, ulcerative colitis, the highest incidence of the disease is 30 to 40 years of age, the main clinical symptoms are recurrent diarrhea, blood in the stool, the most common cases in China to mild, moderate, the treatment has a good prognosis, the use of drugs is not complex. Treatment is based on the main principles of regulating immune response and inhibiting inflammation, and can be combined with local medication. After a period of treatment, most patients’ symptoms can disappear. In the non-epidemic period, the medication should still be taken, which is called “maintenance therapy” and can greatly reduce the frequency of recurrence. As the majority of patients are young people, due to busy schedules and other reasons, many of them “forget the pain” and stop taking the medication as soon as the symptoms disappear. As a result, the symptoms of diarrhea and blood in the stool may reappear in a short time. As for Crohn’s disease, which is characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss, most people need to be treated with immunosuppressants and hormones, and even in remission, immunosuppressants are still needed to maintain the disease. Standardized, continuous treatment is able to reduce the frequency of attacks, thereby reducing the chances of various complications due to recurrent attacks, such as intestinal obstruction, abscesses, fistulas and so on. Third, inflammatory bowel disease should see medicine or surgery? Inflammatory bowel disease originally requires combined medical and surgical treatment. Routine treatment in the internal medicine, when there are complications such as intestinal obstruction, abdominal abscesses need surgeons to help “hand and tail”. However, surgical treatment is not enough to relieve the disease. For inflammatory bowel disease, the recurrence rate after resection is still very high, and after surgical treatment it is still necessary to return to the internal medicine department to continue active treatment.