How can I get rid of some spots on my skin? At present, the best method for facial pigmentation spots is laser treatment.
1.Freckles
It is a light brown or dark brown pigmentation spot commonly found on the face, especially on the nose and cheeks. It is an autosomal dominant disorder that appears around the age of 5, and the rash is aggravated around puberty. Freckles are mostly seen in females and are round, oval or irregular in shape, generally less than 0.2cm in diameter, with smooth surface and deepen in color and increase in number after sun exposure. Therefore, it is often aggravated in spring and summer and reduced in autumn and winter, and there are no conscious symptoms.
Treatment: Photorejuvenation treatment can be chosen, usually 1-3 times, once every 3-4 weeks. Q-switched 1064nm laser and Q-switched 755nm and Q-switched 532nm lasers are also available, generally 1-2 times, once every three months.
2.Melasma
Melasma is a kind of pigmentation skin disease that troubles young and middle-aged women. Its main manifestation is the appearance of pigment spots of different sizes and shapes on the facial skin. The color is mostly light brown, yellowish brown, but also coffee or light black. They are usually symmetrically distributed around the eyes, forehead, cheeks, nose and lips, butterfly-shaped, with clear borders, smooth surface skin, no pain or itch, and no flakes. The color deepens after ultraviolet radiation in summer and decreases in winter.
Treatment: Mostly endocrine regulation by medication, while Q-switched 1064nm laser treatment can be used, with parameters preferable to choose a large spot and low energy treatment method. Once a week or 2-3 times a week. More serious cases can also choose the treatment method with larger energy once a month.
3.Brownish pigmentation
It is also called temporo-zygomatic spot. It is a rash formed by several brown or dark brown spots clustered into groups and symmetrically distributed in the zygomatic or temporo-zygomatic area. As the disease progresses, the color and size of the rash gradually deepens and worsens. The cause of this disease is complex and may be related to genetics. It may also be related to bad cosmetics. It may also be related to gynecological diseases, ovarian dysfunction and mental factors.
Treatment: Mostly Q-switched 1064nm laser treatment is used. Generally 4-6 times with 6-9 months interval each time. After treatment, the pigmentation will deepen in 2-6 months and gradually fade in 6-9 months. After repeated laser treatments, most patients can achieve the purpose of complete removal.
4.Periorbital cyanosis
It is also called nevus of Ota. It is a greenish-brown patchy damage of facial skin that affects the sclera and is innervated by the trigeminal nerve. It is also known as palpebral nevus of the eye. The etiology of this disease is unknown and may be due to autosomal dominant inheritance. The lesions are pale cyan, gray-basket, brown-blue to blue-black or yellow-brown patches or dense spots, and the edges of the patches often fade. The most common sites of involvement are the periorbital area, frontal area, forehead, zygomatic area, temporal area and nasal flank, i.e. the area corresponding to the distribution of the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve, with unilateral distribution or occasionally bilateral. About two-thirds of patients have ipsilateral scleral blue staining.
Treatment: Q-switched 1064 nm Nd.YAG laser or 755 nm emerald laser is mostly used, and 694 nm ruby laser can also be used. Pulse width 7-100ns, energy density 5-8J/cm2, generally 3-6 times of treatment, once every 3-6 months, can finally obtain the purpose of complete cure.
5.Coffee spot
It is a hereditary skin disease. It is light brown to dark brown spots or patches, like coffee and milk mixed color, so it is also called milk coffee spots. It is similar to freckle-like spots to 20cm or larger, round, oval or irregular shape, clear border, smooth surface, may appear at birth or later after birth, and increase throughout childhood, may occur in any part of the body, does not fade by itself, more than 90% of neurofibroma patients have coffee spots.
Treatment: Using 755nm emerald laser or Q1064nm laser, Q532nm laser can also be treated, generally 1-5 times with 3-6 months interval each time. According to our clinical observation for many years, the treatment effect is generally better for those with unclear edges, scattered distribution and lighter color. For those with clear border and darker color, the treatment effect is not satisfactory and surgical excision is needed if necessary.
6.Age spots
Medically, it is called seborrheic keratosis. It is the most common benign epidermal proliferative tumor in the elderly, and the cause is unknown. It may be related to sun exposure and chronic inflammatory stimulation. If it occurs on the face, back of hands, chest and back, it starts as one or more yellowish or light brown flat papules, round. They are oval or irregular in shape, well-defined and have a granular surface. It slowly increases in size, thickens, increases in number, and darkens to brown, or even black papules or plaques.
Treatment: Super pulse CO2 laser treatment can be used. Generally, it can be removed once.
7.Pigmentation spots
Mostly occurs after local physical factors stimulation, such as trauma, laser, freezing, topical drugs or acne treatment, mosquito bites, local flea scratches, etc.. The pigmentation is mostly light brown, purple-brown to dark black. Generally, the pigmentation can fade on its own in a few weeks to a few months, but there are also those who do not fade for several years.
Treatment: Intense light and photorejuvenation treatment, 1-5 times can achieve the purpose of pigmentation subsidence. Q-switched 1064 nm laser treatment can also be used, generally 5-10 times can also be removed.