I. Preoperative guidance 1. Introduce knowledge about laparoscopy, let patients and families understand the indications, methods and advantages of the operation, and list the differences with open surgery. 2. Prepare the skin in the operation field and wash the surrounding skin one day before surgery to avoid postoperative wound infection. First remove the dirt in the umbilical fossa with a cotton swab dipped in paraffin oil, then wash with soap and water and prepare the skin. 3. Nutritious, light and easily digestible food should be eaten before surgery. The evening of 1 day before surgery should be a liquid diet, and gas-producing foods such as soy milk should be prohibited to reduce intestinal distension. General enema the night before surgery, fasting for 8 hours and drinking for 4 hours before surgery to avoid asphyxia and aspiration pneumonia due to nausea and vomiting during surgery, and also to prevent postoperative abdominal distension. Second, postoperative guidance 1, after general anesthesia awake to take a semi-recumbent position, ① can make the diaphragm fall to facilitate breathing, and can be compressed to stop bleeding; ② facilitate wound drainage and inflammation limitation; ③ facilitate the recovery of intestinal peristalsis and postoperative defecation; ④ can reduce abdominal muscle tension, reduce wound pain, and facilitate wound healing. 2.After waking up from general anesthesia, turn over by yourself and encourage patients to get out of bed early to promote intestinal peristalsis, facilitate the elimination of sputum, keep the airway open and prevent venous thrombosis. 3.The use of CO2 pneumoperitoneum during surgery leads to high PaCO2, lactic acid accumulation, excessive pneumoperitoneum regulation pressure or individual differences and other factors, which can cause shoulder and back soreness after surgery, oxygen inhalation can be given, take comfortable lying position, local physiotherapy, and other measures, no need to be nervous. 4, postoperative anal venting, intestinal peristalsis recovery is good, you can encourage patients to eat, with a light and easily digestible semi-liquid diet, such as rice porridge, lean meat porridge, etc., gradually over to the general diet. In general, a small amount of warm water can be drunk 6h after surgery, and if there is no vomiting, thin gruel, rice soup, etc., and more fresh vegetables and fruits can be eaten to facilitate laxation. Discharge guidance 1. Pay attention to the combination of work and rest, appropriate physical exercise. 2.Keep your mood relaxed, optimistic, positive, and self-explanatory in case of problems. 3.Eat a light and easy-to-digest semi-liquid diet, eat less and more meals, avoid spicy, fatty and hot products. 4, abdominal wounds do not scratch, if the wound appears red, swollen, hot, pain, timely follow-up.