In recent decades, the incidence rate of colorectal cancer in China has increased significantly, and it has become the third largest “killer” among the residents among malignant tumors, and the increase is more obvious in the first-tier big cities. If not prevented and controlled, it will have disastrous consequences on the health of the nation.
What kinds of colorectal cancer are included and what is the incidence situation in China?
Colorectal cancer mainly includes colon cancer and rectal cancer, which can also be called colorectal cancer. Bowel cancer is a tumor of the lower gastrointestinal tract, and to a certain extent, it is related to eating too well, so it is also considered as a kind of “rich cancer”.
Compared with foreign developed countries, the incidence rate of bowel cancer in China is slightly lower, but the growth rate is faster than them. Thirty or forty years ago, colorectal cancer ranked 6th in China’s “cancer lethality list”, but now it has jumped to 3rd. Data show that the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased by 50% in 10 years.
What are the main symptoms of colorectal cancer?
Stool can help us detect colorectal cancer, and to a certain extent, it can tell the health level of the intestines.
If there is blood in stool, thin or irregular shape of stool, change of bowel habit, diarrhea and unclean stool, you should seek medical attention promptly. However, because all have blood in stool symptoms, many colorectal cancers are easily misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids in the early stage.
Therefore, when you have blood in stool, it is recommended to go to hospital for fecal occult blood and other tests in time to rule out the risk of colorectal cancer. This is because if the tumor grows in the colon near the anus and breaks down and bleeds, there will be blood in the stool. If the tumor grows in the ascending colon, although the blood cannot be seen by the naked eye, the fecal occult blood test can detect it. If the result of fecal occult blood is positive, it means that there is a problem in the colon, which requires colonoscopy and other tests.
In addition to abnormal stools, people with frequent bloating also need to be alert, especially the elderly. If the bloating is particularly uncomfortable and suddenly worsens over a period of time, you should seek prompt medical attention. In addition, patients with intestinal obstruction also need to exclude colon cancer. Clinically, there are many patients with intestinal obstruction who are found to be colon cancer only after surgery.
Who are the high-risk group of colorectal cancer?
People with family history of colorectal cancer, multiple colon polyps, chronic enteritis, and villous tubular adenoma in the intestine are all high-risk groups of colorectal cancer and are prone to cancer.
Besides observing symptoms, clinically, we mainly rely on the following examinations to help early detection of colorectal cancer.
1.Anal finger examination and fecal occult blood examination. Tumors within 7 cm from the anus can be detected by anal finger examination in 90% of cases, and data show that more than 70% of rectal cancers in China are low rectal cancers, which can be touched during rectal finger examination. 80% of colorectal cancer patients have blood in stool, and half of them cannot be seen by naked eyes, but can be detected by fecal occult blood test. But unfortunately, many people give up these two tests.
2. tumor markers CEA and CA19-9. if their values are found to be high, further examination should be done. Many units and individuals have included tumor markers into the scope of physical examination, and if the physical examination report shows normal, it should not be taken lightly. Because the positive rate of bowel cancer tumor marker examination is 50%~60%, which means there are a lot of false negatives, but it can really provide us with a basis for early detection of bowel cancer.
3.Colonoscopy. High-risk groups should follow the medical advice and have colonoscopy every year on time. For general population, it is recommended to do one every 3~5 years starting from the age of 45. Those who have positive fecal occult blood should have colonoscopy in time.
Is there precancerous lesion of bowel cancer?
Multiple colon polyps have the tendency to become cancerous and are precancerous lesions of intestinal cancer, which is the result of atypical cell proliferation and its severity can be divided into 3 levels: mild, moderate and severe. We must deal with precancerous lesions as early as possible and cut off the growths.
How to prevent colorectal cancer in life?
1. “Eating” should be stopped when possible. Now we are going to an extreme: over-eating and over-nutrition. At this time, we must not over-accommodate our taste. We can’t change the genes given by parents, what we can do is to change our bad habits.
2, say goodbye to the “three high and one low”, return to the traditional. “Three high and one low” refers to high protein, high fat, high calorie, low fiber food, to eat less. The traditional Chinese diet is based on grains, supplemented by meat, eggs, vegetables and fruits, which is a very healthy and reasonable diet.
Chinese food has a lot of steaming, can retain more nutrition; a small amount of meat plus vegetables quick stir-fry dishes, because more vegetables, rich in crude fiber, both to meet the taste, but also to avoid the meat produced by toxic substances stay too long, to reduce the chronic damage to the intestines.
3, keep the “fresh, wild, light, mixed” 4 word trick. “Fresh” refers to eat more fresh food; “wild” refers to eat natural fruits and vegetables; “light” is less salt, less oil and less meat; “mixed “is to eat as much food as possible, not partial food.