When encountering patients with sudden cardiac arrest, coma, breathing difficulties, shortness of breath, convulsions, severe pain, bleeding, various traumatic injuries, various kinds of poisoning and electrocution, drowning, etc., you can promptly call the 120 emergency number to call an ambulance.
How to call an ambulance?
When you call 120 emergency number in case of emergency or accident, when you hear Hello, 120 Command Center, it means that the phone has been hung up and you can answer when the dispatcher asks. However, please note that
1.No matter how critical the situation is, you must calmly and clearly state the patient’s name, address and a brief description of the condition.
2.Be accurate in selecting a good pick-up location in order to lead the ambulance to the onset location quickly and prevent the ambulance from being delayed due to the unknown situation in the local area.
3.If you encounter a sick or injured person by the roadside or at the scene of the accident, the person calling the ambulance should be seriously responsible for keeping watch over the sick or injured person and introducing the condition to facilitate treatment.
4.After calling the 120 emergency number, the patient’s family should be ready for admission (bring money, clothes, and identify the accompanying staff) to ensure that the patient can be sent to the hospital for treatment immediately.
5.In the event of an accidental disaster or emergency, call 10 emergency number should state the location of the accident, what kind of injury occurred (such as car accident, electric shock, drowning, poisoning, explosion, fire, etc.), the number of casualties, the current situation of the injured, so as to organize the city’s medical force cluster rescue. Take off the patient’s wet clothes, covered with a sheet and other things to keep warm, while always observe the vomiting situation.
6, in order to make the majority of emergency, critical, serious patients to get timely treatment, please do not just dial 120 phone.
What should the first eyewitness do during the time of calling 120 and waiting for rescue?
When an accident occurs, the first witness at the scene is the first witness, and doing first aid at the scene is an important measure to firmly grasp the golden time to save lives.
(A) Respiratory and cardiac arrest
Pat the patient’s shoulder, call out the patient’s name to determine whether there is a conscious response; observe the rise and fall of the chest to see whether the patient is breathing; listen to the sound of gas exchange; feel whether there is airflow exhalation; touch the carotid artery to see whether there is pulsation. If the patient is not breathing and heartbeat, give CPR quickly so as not to delay the resuscitation time.
First aid method: First, lay the patient on his back on a hard board or on the ground, if it is judged that there is no cervical spine injury, hold the neck up slightly, or pad behind the neck, hold the mandible with both hands, tilt the head back, remove the secretions and obstructions in the mouth, open the airway; press the patient’s forehead downward with force with the outside of one palm and pinch the nostrils, lift the jaw with the other hand, wrap the operator’s mouth around the patient’s mouth, blow the gas into the patient’s airway (800 ~ 1000 ML), then perform chest external resuscitation. The operator then performs extra-thoracic cardiac compressions, placing the root of the palm of one hand on the lower and middle 1/3 of the patient’s sternum, overlapping the other hand on it, with both arms straight, relying on body gravity to make vertical and rhythmic compressions in the direction of the spine, with each compression causing the sternum to sink 4-5 cm, at a frequency of 100 times/min. Chest heart compressions/artificial respiration is 30:2.
(B) Cerebrovascular accident
Symptoms: sudden headache, dizziness, vomiting, unfavorable movement of one limb, and impaired consciousness.
First aid method: let the patient lie still, untie the collar or belt, do not push and shake the patient’s head. If the patient is conscious, let him lie on his back, keep his head stable, tilt his head back slightly to facilitate the smooth flow of airway, do not pad the pillow; if the patient vomits, let him turn his head to the side, remove the dentures in the mouth, and wrap a clean handkerchief around his finger and reach into his mouth to remove the vomit to prevent accidental inhalation or blockage of airway, causing asphyxia; if the patient is unconscious, open the airway by tilting his head and lifting his chin.
(C) fainting
First aid method: untie the collar and loosen the tight clothing, remove the glasses worn by the patient, lie down immediately, take the head low and feet high position, favorable blood flow to the heart and brain, pay attention to the environment, air circulation and warmth, comfort the patient and persuade away from unrelated personnel, can press or needling the human middle and hundred points, after sufficient rest, slowly sit up.
(D) Breathing difficulty
First aid method: Give the patient a comfortable position, such as using a pillow to take a semi-sitting position, or sitting with the body leaning forward to maintain comfort. Family members should not panic, stay by the side, keep the patient emotionally stable and feel safe, immediately administer oxygen if possible, and give oral wheezing, cough suppressant and cardiac drugs to patients with chronic lung disease; for those who are obstructed by sputum, family members can tap on the back of the patient to help cough out the sputum and improve ventilation.
(E) bleeding (i.e. wound bleeding: including bleeding from cut veins, bleeding from open fractures of skin breaks)
First aid method: When bleeding in the middle and distal extremities, generally take gauze or clean cloth with pressure bandage to stop bleeding, if the bandage still can not stop heavy bleeding, if there is no tourniquet, use rubber tube or cloth band to stop bleeding. It should not be too tight or too loose, and must pay attention to the use time, not more than 1 hour, to prevent ischemic necrosis of the limb and excessive bleeding, and to give the head low and foot high position when bleeding is large, to ensure the blood supply to the heart and brain. When there is organ dislodgement, it is forbidden to retract
(VI) CO poisoning
First aid method: Open windows immediately, avoid turning on power and open fire. Those who still have breathing and heartbeat should leave the scene, breathe fresh air, breathe oxygen if available, and give first aid to those who are unconscious. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is performed immediately for those whose heartbeat and breathing have stopped.
(G) Myocardial infarction, angina pectoris
Symptoms: discomfort in the precordial area, chest pain and chest tightness, the pain is longer in heart attack and can last for more than 15-30 minutes, and the range is also wider, and can spread to the left anterior chest and upper middle abdomen, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and fever, etc., and shock and even sudden death can occur in severe cases.
First aid method: Stop all activities immediately during acute attack, rest in bed, minimize agitation, keep the room quiet so as not to stimulate the patient to aggravate the condition. Immediately take one nitroglycerin or 5-10 fast-acting heart pills. If you find that the patient has a weak pulse, cold limbs and indifferent expression, shock may occur, you should gently lower the patient’s head and elevate the feet to increase the amount of blood return; if the patient suffocates, spits a lot of foamy sputum, and is too obese, prohibit the head-low-foot-high position to avoid aggravating chest tightness, and give the patient a semi-recumbent position to reduce the load on the heart, and let the patient take nitroglycerin, cardiac pain relief, aspirin under the tongue and other drugs.
(H) Hemoptysis or vomiting of blood
Symptoms: hemoptysis with dyspnea, chest pain, liquid blood with foam; vomiting blood with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, nausea, small clots in the blood, no foam.
First aid method: take the affected side or flat position, head to the side, cough out the blood gently, do not swallow, try to avoid sitting position to avoid poor drainage, resulting in asphyxia, let the patient be quiet, give the patient appropriate comfort, avoid tension, do not hold the breath, resulting in hemorrhage.
(ix) Bone analysis
Symptoms: After a fall or other trauma, a part of the limb is in severe pain, deformity or restricted movement.
First aid method: Do not move the fracture site, injury to the neurovascular, available splint (with branches, rolling pin, umbrellas, newspaper rolls and other items instead) to fix the affected limb side, between the board and the limb padded with cotton or towels and other loose items, and then tied with straps, loose and tight, the length of the upper and lower joints, but should not be too tight, otherwise it will compress the blood vessels, causing bruising, the emergence of extrusion syndrome.
(X) Drowning
First aid methods: (1) quickly check the patient’s airway, breathing and pulse. (2) keep the airway open, immediately remove the patient’s mouth, nasal cavity, water and sediment and other dirt, and pull the tongue out of the mouth, so that the tongue muscle relaxation down to block the airway. Pour out the water in the lungs and stomach, pour out the following methods: A: lay the patient prone, abdomen padded or placed horizontally on the head of the first-aider’s flexed knee, head down, and press his back with his hands; B: hold the legs of the drowning person, abdomen on the shoulders of the first-aider fast shaking, so that the water poured out. (3) If breathing and heartbeat stop, immediately perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (4) If breathing and pulse exist, place the patient in a stable lateral position, take off the patient’s wet clothes, cover with a sheet or other object to keep warm, and observe the vomiting at any time.
(xi) foreign body in the airway
First aid method: (1) when the patient is standing, the operator stands behind the patient, both arms around to the patient’s abdomen to hold tight, one hand clenched fist with thumb on the patient’s abdomen, can be slightly higher than the umbilicus, under the rib cage, the other hand and clenched fist hand, and a sudden rapid upward impulse to the patient’s abdomen pressure (can be repeated several times), foreign body can be sprayed from the throat to the mouth and flushed out of the body. (2) When the patient is sitting, the operator can take a standing or kneeling position behind the chair and apply the above technique. (3) When the patient is lying down, first turn him/her to supine position, then the operator will straddle the patient’s hip in kneeling position, place one hand on top of the other, and place the palm root of the following hand on the patient’s abdomen (above the umbilicus and below the thoracic rib edge), and squeeze the patient’s abdomen with rapid upward impulse. (4) When the patient rescues himself, place the thumb side of his fist on the abdomen, hold the other hand tightly and quickly press the abdomen upward to expel the foreign body by spraying it into the mouth. (5) For infants and young children, the operator holds the feet of the patient with one hand and lifts them up to make them stand upside down, while the other hand pats their backs with appropriate force to expel the foreign body from the mouth.
(XII) Convulsions, convulsions, epilepsy, coma
First aid method: (1) Keep breathing open. A Lie flat, head to the side, use fingers wrapped with handkerchief to remove oropharyngeal secretions, blood clots, sputum, vomit, and remove dentures to avoid accidental aspiration and obstruction of the airway. B Untie the collar and belt to facilitate breathing. C In case of judging that there is no cervical spine injury, hold the neck up slightly, or pad the back of the neck, hold the mandible with both hands, tilt the head back as far as possible to make the airway open, if the tongue is still falling back, drag the tongue out, pad it with a handkerchief or gauze and pull it, and pad the chopstick or spoon handle with a good handkerchief or gauze wrapped around it on both sides of the teeth to prevent tongue bite. (2) For coma, press or needle the Renzhong and Hegu points to make them awake. (3) For patients with convulsions and seizures, keep the room ventilated and quiet, do not stimulate the patient to avoid aggravating the condition, do not force feed or press the limbs.
(XIII) Hypertensive crisis
Symptoms: sudden headache, dizziness, blurred vision or blindness; nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, pale or flushed face; shaking of both hands, irritability; severe temporary paralysis, aphasia, angina, cloudy urine; more severe convulsions, coma.
First aid method: Do not panic in front of the patient, let the patient rest quietly, elevate the head, take a semi-recumbent position, try to avoid light.
(XIV) Nose bleeding
First aid methods: take a sitting or semi-sitting position, you can take (1) lifting method: lift the upper limb of the non-bleeding side high, will quickly receive the effect of stopping nasal bleeding, to stop the blood, and then wait a few moments before the raised hand just put down; (2) cotton ball method: use dry cotton balls or cotton balls dipped in Yunnan Baiyao stuffed into the nostrils to stop bleeding quickly and obviously; (3) cold compress method: wet a towel with cold water or ice and put it on the patient’s nose root and forehead, repeatedly (4) compression method: use the thumb and index finger to pinch the root of the patient’s nose on both sides for 10 — 15min.
(xv) electric shock
First aid method: immediately cut off the power supply, pull down the electric switch or use non-conductive bamboo, wooden sticks to separate the conductive body from the electrocution, in the absence of cutting off the power supply or electrocution is not out of the power supply, do not touch the electrocution, the conscious will be placed in a safe and comfortable place, such as respiratory and cardiac arrest, immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation, such as electric shock wound bleeding, should be cared for according to bleeding.