Acute and chronic otitis media can have serious intracranial and extracranial complications if not treated or delayed, especially intracranial complications, which have a high mortality rate and are difficult to diagnose and manage, making them one of the three most common emergencies in otolaryngology. According to the location of complications, they can be divided into three categories: intracranial, extracranial and intra-temporal. Intracranial complications include: epidural abscess, subdural abscess, sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis, meningitis, brain abscess, hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid ear leak, etc. Among them, meningitis, brain abscess, hydrocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid ear leak are the most common complications. Among them, meningitis, brain abscess and sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis are the most common. Extracranial complications include: postauricular subperiosteal abscess, deep subauricular neck abscess, suboccipital abscess, preauricular subperiosteal abscess, parapharyngeal abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, diaphragmatic abscess, and lung abscess. Of these, postauricular subperiosteal abscesses are the most common. Intra-temporal bone complications include petrositis, labyrinthitis, and facial palsy.